Article Review: Unequal Childhood Essay

Abstract: Lareau’s open and detailed information about the issues and difficulties of conducting the research. The importance of this topic can’t be overstated, confronting the legend of equal opportunity in order to address the realities of providing good opportunities for all children will be a crucial area of social discussion for the coming years Sociological Connection: In the book Class, Race, and Family Life, Lareau explains that although working-class and poor parents are no less eager than middle-class parents to see their children succeed in school, they take a different approach to reaching this goal (Lareau 198). To me, keeping this point in mind as a future educator is crucial. So often, it seems as though school personnel have a tendency to blame the child or the family when issues arise. Instead, educators should take into account their own practices, as well as consider larger societal influences that are at work. If our goal as teachers is to have harmonious part nerships with students’ families, then we have to approach these relationships with patience and understanding. Lareau reports that many working-class and poor parents feel that educators hold the expertise, and often fear doing the â€Å"wrong thing† in school-related matters; therefore, their tendency is to maintain a separation between school and home (Lareau 198). Whereas middle class parents can be demanding toward school personnel, working-class and poor parents tend to be deferential (Lareau 198). Most educators wish that poor and working-class parents would be more assertive (Lareau 198). â€Å"Put differently, they wish these parents would engage in forms of concerted cultivation† (Lareau 198). Instead of schools imposing their beliefs on working-class and poor families, it would be far more productive to take a step back, try to understand where these families are coming from, and respect their position. To automatically jump to the conclusion that parents who aren’t constantly advocating for their children don’t care about their education is detrimental, counterproductive, and above all, a far cry from the truth. So What/Insight: All of the families  want their kids happy and to grow and thrive. Still, social Class makes a difference in how parents go about meeting this goal. Middle-class parents promote what I call â€Å"concerted cultivation.† Middle-class parent’s actively foster kid’ss talents, opinions, and skills: enrolling children in organized activities, reasoning with children, and closely monitoring children’s experiences in institutions such as schools. Through this pattern of concerted cultivation, middle-class children gain an emerging sense of entitlement. There is a focus on kid’s individual development. Most of the middle-class families in the study are extremely busy; this pattern holds for white and Black middle-class families. Children have soccer games, Girl Scout trips, homework, and birthday parties; parents need to arrange these activities as well as get children there and back. None of the parents report having this kind of schedule of activities when they were children. Despite this busy schedule, most parents work full-time and some of the parents have overnight travel for their jobs. In addition, parents need to manage the details of life. Like going to the grocery store, preparing dinner, having children take showers, and getting children to bed. The book says children’s schedules mean for family life. Things are so hectic that the house sometimes seems to become a holding pattern between activities.

Annotated Bibliography: Drunk Driving

Annotated Bibliography: Drunk Driving Burke, Sheila. â€Å"TN Supreme Court to Hear Field Sobriety Case. † The Tennessean. N. p. , 23 Mar. 2013. Web. 28 Mar. 2013. This is a very interesting newspaper article out of the Tennessean. There is a huge case going on about drunk driving and field sobriety tests. This case consists of a 2009 DUI charge in Sevier County that was dismissed because car driver, David Bell, passed six field sobriety tests. The Tennessee Supreme Court has approved to take this case that could define if police officers can arrest people assumed of driving drunk after they have already pass field sobriety tests.Compare and Contrast Driving in the Winter and Driving in the SummerAlready three Tennessee courts have established that police needed the probable cause to arrest Bell and command a blood-alcohol test. Goldstein, Joseph. â€Å"Brooklyn Police Officer Is Accused Of Driving Patrol Car While Drunk. † The New York Times. N. p. , 29 Feb. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This story is about an officer in Brooklyn, NY. This officer was out when he crashed his patrol car into a pole. I’m sure you ask what the cause was. The officer had just been coming from a fund-raiser for the four daughters of Officer Peter J. Figoski, who was shot dead in December while responding to a report of a robbery in Brooklyn.At this event the officer obviously had too much to drink while there. The officer was charged with driving while intoxicated and refusing to take a breath test, the police said. Hathaway, William. â€Å"Brain Study Reveals How Drinking Impairs Driving. † Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, Dec. -Jan. 2004. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. This article discusses how the brain responses to being drunk while driving. How they go about this is they use an imaging scan. A couple of scientist studied this at Yale University School of Medicine and the Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center at the Institute of Living in Hartford, Connecticut.W hat I think about the situation is if you’re intoxicated you shouldn’t be behind the wheel of any kind of automobile. That’s just like taking medicine and getting behind the will to drive. A lot of people compare this to smoking weed and driving a car. There is no difference in these if you’re pulled over your going get the same punishment you would get if you’re were drinking and driving. The best way to fix these problems is to just not operate an automobile in these situations. This article is reliable in that is gives a lot of information on brain study of drinking impaired. Hsu, Tiffany. â€Å"Teen Drunk Driving Declines as Gas Prices Rise. Los Angeles Times. BUSINESS, 3 Oct. 2012. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. As we all no gas prices have went up and down in the last few years. Although everyone thinks this is a bad thing it has helped the drunk driving rates go way down believe it or not. This article simply states the reason is that they really spend less time on the roads. Teenagers are especially delicate to upsurges in gasoline rates and declines in economic situations. I do for sure think that’s the reason for the decrease in the past years. More people have to manage their money better with gas prices going up and the more they spend the less they have to buy alcohol.A lot of teenagers today age try to car pull to the parties. This is sometimes a good thing and sometimes a bad thing. The reason they do this is to save gas and also they try to pick a designated driver that will not be drinking to drive them there. This is the positive thing about it. This article is good in that it makes you think about all the situations and look outside of the box. Jacobs, James B. Drunk Driving: An American Dilemma. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1989. Print. This book talked about drunk driving all together.This book wants to bring all the information together as a whole and put it all into a book, or as some would call this boo k a resource book. Professor Jacob’s thinks he’s managed to accomplish this difficult task. He had divided his book into three different parts called an anatomy of the social problem of drunk driving, an assessment of the role that criminal low and procedure play in defining and dealing with the problem, and a discussion of the effect of various social institutions have had an are likely to happen in the future on the social control of drunk driving. JENSEN, CHRISTOPHER. â€Å"Jan. 1 Is Worst Day for Drunken Driving. New York Times. N. p. , 31 Dec. 2011. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This article talks about all the events on New Year’s. What do you think the worse day of the year is for fatal crashes? As we all know everyone’s out on New Year’s Eve going to parties and various places. A lot of alcohol is drunk that night. A lot of people still drive even after they drink. This is what is so dangerous about the situation. Over half of all the crashes that ha ppen on years half of them involve a drunk driver with a blood-alcohol content of at least 0. 08, according to an analysis by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.If people know they’re going to drink why do they even go and then leave? The worse time that all the crashes happen is right after the ball drops a little after 12. One of my friends had this exact thing happen to him. He left a party then ran off the road and luckily he was alright and only came out with a few scratches. Kordunsky, Anna. â€Å"Tougher Penalties Sought in Russia for Drunken Driving After Accident. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 Sept. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2013 This source is about the Russian legislators wanting stronger measure against drunk driving. This is due to horrible accidents that happened.The driver of the car crashed into a bus going at the speed of 125 miles per hour. This not only killed the driver but it also killed seven other people. Five of them were teenage rs with learning disabilities. The driver of the car already had a number of drunken driving issues in the past. He also drank for two day before even getting behind the wheel of the car. This is a very sad story. What could he of been thinking going 125 miles per hour. He may have been so intoxicated that he couldn’t control his self. I guess we will never know what was going through his head while he was doing this.The worst thing about the whole situation is the killing of seven insistent people, and even more worse that five were teenagers with learning disabilities. Situations like this makes you open your eyes and realize it’s just not worth it. Lerner, BARRON L. â€Å"Friends Still Let Friends Drive Drunk. † Well Friends Still Let Friends Drive Drunk Comments. The New York Times, 18 Oct. 2012. Web. 24 Mar. 2013. This article is about a 21 year old guy named Matthew Grape. He chose to get into the passenger seat with one of his Duke University fraternity b rothers. The driver then hits a tree only suffering minor issued.However Matthew doesn’t survive the crash. Reports from the press say the driver was charged with impaired driving. This is a horrible situation. This is why it is very important to think before you get into a car with somebody. You should never get in the car with an impaired driver. I bet Matthew hadn’t be thinking about all the bad thing that could happen to him, and he probably never thought getting into that car would end his life that night. Lerner, Barron H. â€Å"The Discovery of Drunk Driving. † One for the Road: Drunk Driving since 1900. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. 14-37. Print. This book talks bout all the effort that’s been around to eliminate drunk driving. This isn’t something that just came about in the last few years. This has been going on since they first started inventing cars way in the pass. Before automobiles actually came out they had already been studying and discuss ing the issue of drunk driving, which I find to be very interesting. This didn’t change their mine about automobiles. They also had already been through the same situation with horse and buggy, but it still wasn’t as dangerous as the automobiles. Mears, Bill. â€Å"Drunk-drive Blood Tests Divide Supreme Court. CNN. Cable News Network, 09 Jan. 2013. Web. 26 Mar. 2013. This article is about alcohol related car crashes in the United States. This amount is approximately 10,000 a year. This is just way too big of a number. Also law enforcement wants more flexibility to determine whether a suspected drunk driver is, indeed, over the limit. However the Supreme Court was openly separated in oral arguments about whether law enforcement agency can obtain a blood test without a warrant to define intoxication levels. The outcome was they get tested at the scene and also get test at the jail.

Accountable Care Organization

Accountable Care Organization Ralph Edwards Grand Canyon University Operations in Risk Management in Health Care HCA-460 Dr. Smith March 24, 2013 ACO Even although, the cost of the health care system and the care it offers my not allow the national debt to decline to a level that will or would enhance the economy forward the cost of running a system that is backed by the government is too costly, and it will not help the deficit. , the legal responsibility of the organization is that every patron should have the same treatment for the same ailment.There are no predetermined dispositions; everyone is eligible as a government-backed facility. The funds are to assure those who have no insurance are covered. The accountable care organization needs to sustain a system of health care to the elderly and financially handicap; no one turned away from health care under this system of care. Including but not limited to the handicap and mentally disturbed and during the implementation of the ACA for the elderly, the system allowed all who need care to continue to have health care.All who live in America have the right and the ability to use the systems health care services for their benefit. The legal responsibility of the ACA has shown itself to be of value to all who depend on this system of care. What is the organization's legal responsibility? the legal responsibility of the organization is that every patron should have the same treatment for the same ailment. The ACO answerable to a third party payer and the patient for the appropriateness, quality and proficiency of care delivered.The Centers of Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS), and the ACO is â€Å"health care providers of an organization which approves accountable services of quality, overall care, and quality of Medicare beneficiaries enrolled by the traditional fee-for-service program that are assigned to it. † Medicare (2010). The cost of running a system that backed by government funds is too costly, and it will not help the deficit. The potential for quality is to reduced, improve and the care while healthcare spending with high expenditures nationwide.However, the ACO’s have many challenges that affect their implementation for the development of ACO’s. First, lack of specificity on how the ACOs can and will implement. The American Hospital Association estimated the formation of ACOs would create startup cost that is staggering with expenses annually too large to maintain systems, American Hospital Association. (2011). There are three core principles to any ACOs. First, provider-led organizations with primary maintenance and a strong base are liable communally and total per capita costs for quality with full continuum for the population of care for patients.Second, excellent improvements will have linked to also have complete costs reduced, and third, progressively and reliable sophisticated measurement performance to improve, support, and provide the savings of confidence are achieved with improvements of care, , McClellan M, McKethan AN, Lewis JL, Roski J, Fisher ES (2010). The cost of running a system supported by government resources is too costly, and it will not help the deficit. The organizations responsibility for the regulatory practices of the ACO with the best method to improve quality and greater collaboration of care providers that will reduce cost.Unavoidably, the infrastructure would result with consolidation, coordination in the sector of health care. The Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission address the ACOs concerns and developed rules that would regulate their actions over the market power the collude improperly dealing with commercial health plans. This action would not barricade the operation and or formation of the ACOs as Medicare payment reform, McClellan, Mark, et al. (2010). The Advanced Medical Technology Association, which represents MDI, believes that the system may allow the ACOs to emphasis on cost rather than quality of care.CMS would rather see beneficiary’s stronger oversight, which would require annual consents to ACOs to provide care. â€Å"David Nexon, stated that innovation and the process of medical progress is the willingness of the dependent person’s to early medical adopters, which can interrupt that early process of the ACO, senior executive vice president at AdvaMed. In addition, CMS in regards to Medicare should monitor the program. New technology users should not be penalized and the cost should be based on savings and not by any one physician, Jaimy Lee ( June 2011). The overnment will pay the fee for services rendered, traditionally to the ACOs. There is an increase in the cost of health care, experts contend because Medicare programs paid doctors that ordered substantial test for their patients. CMS shall cover expenses incurred for the caring of their patients, one payment received by ACOs. The cost is considered and the extra kept if pa tients are healthy with prevention methods and managing chronic diseases. Quality assessment benchmarks must be stringent and must include the consequence, experiences, and private process to be suitable (aha. rg, 2012; Gold, 2012). The oversight process of the ACOs had apparatuses, which include but not limited to regulatory environment: Federal Jurisdiction, 3022 of PPACA, and many other oversight processes that administrate the system. The established ACOs outcome is determined, although CMS prays for method used, paved as to return to collegiality patient atmosphere to normality. Therefore, you can see that although the cost of running a system backed by government funds is too costly, and it will not help the deficit.The legal responsibility of the organization is that every patron has the same treatment for the same ailment, for two main reasons. First, there are no predetermined dispositions everyone is eligible, but most importantly, as a government backed facility the funds that are mandated to assist those who have no insurance are covered. As ACOs becomes more established and maintains the government’s idea and the public’s capacities on health care with reducing cost and heightened quality, balancing the enormous entity will have a profound effect on the public’s outlook of our government directed systems.The public will undoubtedly respond positively and back the direction of the systems directors and administrators. With the potential of improving quality care and reducing a nations expenditures in health care ACOs still face an abundance of challenges the will affect the ACOs implementation and development. The absence of how the implementation and the AHA estimated and incur startup cost that is sky high The United States Department of Justice. (2011). References Medicare † Accountable Care Organizations† Shared Savings Program – New Section 1899 of Title XVIII, Preliminary Questions ; Answers†. Cen ters for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Retrieved January 10, 2010 FTC and the Department of Justice. (2011). â€Å"Statement of Antitrust Enforcement Policy Regarding Accountable Care Organizations Participating in the Medicare Shared Savings Program. † Final Policy Statement, 1-18 American Hospital Association. (2011). â€Å"The Work Ahead: Activities and Costs to Develop an Accountable Care Organization. American Hospital Association, 1-17. McClellan, Mark, et al. A National Strategy to put Accountable Care into Practice. Health Affairs. 29(5). 2010. 982-990. Jaimy Lee ( June, 2011) AdvaMed presses for oversight on ACOs | Modern Healthcare http://www. modernhealthcare. com/article/20110608/NEWS/306089961#ixzz2OtSa2rUw The United States Department of Justice. (2011). Department of justice/federal trade commission issue final statement of antitrust policy enforcement regarding accountable care organizations. http://www. justice. gov/opa/pr/2011/October/11-at-1384. html

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

No topic - Essay Example The article emphasizes the fact that once Google launches its â€Å"Google Editions†, the online service to sell e-books, it would be in direct competition with another behemoth in the area of digital books, Amazon. The main issue analyzed here is the competition from Amazon and their pricing strategy along with the distribution channels both companies will adopt to market their services since the real winner will be the product that reaches the customer in the most convenient way possible. It is a well known fact that Amazon is the leader in the space for selling books and accessories online. It was one of the first companies to set up a website for selling books and accessories online. The success of the model pioneered by Amazon spurred many companies (Barnes and Noble, Borders etc) to enter the area of selling books online. The article clearly highlights the potential for rivalry between Google (once it launches Google Editions) and Amazon as both the companies are essentially targeting the same market i.e. the consumers of e-books. Further, the article discusses the possibility of a â€Å"price war† where each of the competitors would be going in for a â€Å"race to the bottom† in search of the consumers for their products. The Implications of this strategy would be discussed in due course. This section analyzes the case from the 4P’s of the marketing mix, namely: Price, Product, Place and Promotion. These are the cornerstones of any marketing strategy and the successful execution of these in a combination or individually would determine the success of the venture as is being undertaken by Google. The marketing mix is the â€Å"set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the company blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.† (Kotler, 2009 63) To take the first component of the Marketing mix, the biggest advantage that Google has is its competitive pricing. Since the

Intrercultural communication - group case study Research Paper

Intrercultural communication - group case study - Research Paper Example The behaviors and communication of people are largely determined by the culture they have learnt or have grown accustomed to and which they derive their world views from. When cultures are facing challenges as the ones being faced by the Chinese and Americans in terms of culture, barriers to communication such as stereotypes, discrimination, ethnocentrism and prejudice are likely to take place and these may cause conflict (Martin & Nakayama 55). In this case therefore, Americans with their outspoken nature are likely to regard the Chinese as weak because they tend to lean towards humility side and this stereotype may lead to discrimination and especially in regards to leadership positions (Crossan 3). The Americans using this stereotype and because they regard their culture as being the superior one to all the other cultures, take over the power and tend to want to make all the decisions which in turn affect communication patterns in the organization. If this is taking place in China where the majority of the American businesses have moved to, then the Chinese are likely to retaliate negatively and this in turn only affects the business and its objectives of seeking profits. Humility and outspokenness are all about language, its components, the perception it creates, the attitudes it leads to when it comes to communication as well as its variation in communication styles (Martin & Nakayama 140). The Americans apply their outspokenness when making business deals. They use humor more often than the Chinese do and also tend to use slang and other informal language especially in internal communication. This normally tends to create an attitude and perception of openness and employees being much more relaxed in the workplace. When the employees are however used to humility with all its quietness and formalities, they may find the openness disturbing and this may even affect their work performance. They believe in

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Finance - Essay Example Note: The category ‘Economic inactivity’ includes all people who are not in paid employment or actively looking for a job, while ‘Unemployed’ only includes people actively looking for a job and available to work in the next two weeks (the standard definition of unemployment). ‘Total population’ refers to people living in private households (i.e. not in residential care homes, community centres or prisons). The government decisions that can affect the flow of cash from both households and corporate is Fiscal and Monetary Policies which includes, the taxation which is interest rates and the government spending(Riley 2012) The money that flow to the government includes, savings, payments made to the government, and the taxes. The types of taxes that are paid to the government include, council tax1, taxes on income , National Savings & Investments savings, and government bonds, while payments to government includes, rents paid for living in buildings own by the government(Vivienne Brown and Alan Shipman). If government decides to increase taxes, it means that the money flowing to the households will go done while money flowing to the government will go up. Furthermore, if the government reduces the money which is going towards the citizen then it means that the money flowing towards the households will go down. The amount of money that flows from households to corporate includes payments to financial institutions, and spending on services and goods. Spending on services and goods include, money used on foods, leisure, rent, purchase of financial product, clothing and repayment of debts among others. Money that flows from corporations includes loans and incomes, for example salary and dividends. The government can affect this flow of money from households to corporations and vice versa by coming up with monetary policy, and depending where its leaning to then money would flow towards that direction. For

Steps for incorporating a business in Toronto Essay

Steps for incorporating a business in Toronto - Essay Example The Toronto market is diverse and with many competitors. The following entails probable steps for successful business incorporation in Toronto. †¢ Selection of business jurisdiction The process involves defining the area of operation that includes the territorial or provincial authorities. Nonetheless, home province of the incorporator determines the choice of either a territorial or federal jurisdiction. †¢ Corporate name selection The regulations require the investors to propose names that comprise descriptive and distinctive features. The elements highlight the activities and the entity respectively. †¢ Business name availability analysis The step entails searching the availability of the proposed name and subsequent submission to the government agency for approval. It helps ensure the distinctiveness of the proposed business. †¢ Filling and Completing the Articles of Incorporation The law stipulates that the investor should sign the articles of incorporation i n duplicate. He or she should not be bankrupt and must have attained 18 years and above.

Discussion Summary-Assignment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Summary- - Assignment Example Fellow classmates have provided a raft of examples and the corresponding lists of examples supporting each of the four proximity levels. Bishop Pearce provided the example of the Waterbrooke Assisted facility, located in Elizabeth City, NC. The facility provides personalized care including three meals and snacks a day, physician and psychiatric services. On environmental proximity, he identified each of the four levels drawing the work by (Sigh, 2010) to be the foundation on which he drew the four levels on proximity. The work drew a number of replies, most notably Kathleen, who wanted to know if the facility were next to hospital, would it have been a source of hindrance or help. Yvette De Leon, on the other hand cited the Arbors of Port Warwick Facility that is in Newport News, VA. The hospital provides 24 hours services to the residents, though only a meal day is provided. Just like the first contributor, Yvette cited (Singh, 2010), when updating the four Environmental Proximity Model. Kathleen Almeda, on the other hand, gave Dominion Village at Williamsburg that is owned by Five Star Senior Living. Â  Dominion Village offers assisted living, memory care, outpatient rehab services, and respite/short-term stays. Felisa Artis provided the example of the Consulate Health Care as the facility of choice, which specializes in post-acute care, operating 200 centers in 21 states. However, her focus is the one that is at Norfolk, VA. She explicitly provides the examples to match the four levels of proximity and a discussion ensues between the classmates and her. Jennifer Supples provides an example of a facility located 15 minutes from his place of residence, Willows at Meadow Branch which is part of the Consulate facilities. However, he does provide examples on the environmental proximity models. The level of services provided in the facilities were also different, for example, Paola Williams mentioned that Hopkins center for Rehabilitation and Healthcare,

Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mexico - Essay Example Mexico is situated at around 23 °N and 102 °W in the southern section of North America. The total area of Mexico covers around 1,972,550 square kilometers, where 1,923,040 square kilometers are covered by land and 49,510 square kilometers are covered by water. Northern Mexico is recognized to be dry as well as desert-like while the southern region of Mexico is covered by mountainous jungle. Moreover, Mexico is known as one of the major bio-diverse nations of the world. Mexico’s economy is recognized as the world’s thirteenth biggest economy which is almost the same size as Russia’s as well as South Korea’s economies. Moreover, Mexico is considered as a ‘free market’ economy which comprises a mix industry, services, as well as agriculture (Foreign & Commonwealth Office, â€Å"Mexico: Country Information†). Major Regions of Mexico Mexico consists of nine major topographic regions, these include the ‘Mexican Plateau’, the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Pacific Coastal Lowland, the Southern Highland, the Sierra Madre Occidental, Baja California, the Cordillera Neo-Volcanica, the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Yucatan Peninsula. Moreover, Mexico comprises a wide variety of geographical regions as well as climate variations. The 31 states including Mexico City run the gamut from high desert and scrubland to verdant tropical jungles and stunning sea-coast provinces (Foreign & Commonwealth Office, â€Å"Mexico: Country Information†). Central Mexico is mainly known as a volcanic plateau, which is enclosed by huge mountain ranges. The entire Mexico City is known as â€Å"Old Mexico† for its major agricultural activities which comprise small town and attractive colonial cities that have made Mexico a famous global heritage site. Southern Mexico is renowned as an ecotourism sanctuary which consists of sea coasts, jungles, marshes and mangrove forests that provide adventure as well as beautiful natural s ite for any tourist. Pacific coast is considered as the ‘jewel in Mexico’s crown’ which provides historic attraction such as Acapulco (Foreign & Commonwealth Office, â€Å"Mexico: Country Information†). Groups of People That Make up Mexico According to the present scenario, Mexican people are a blend of descendants from Spanish as well as other various immigrants. From 16th century onwards, people mainly from Europe had started to settle in Mexico and created Mestizos (a group mixed with European and indigenous ancestry). Religion of Mexico comprises 89% of Roman Catholic, 6% of Protestant and 5% inhabitants of other denominations (Foreign & Commonwealth Office, â€Å"Mexico: Country Information†). Languages Spoken in Mexico In Mexico, Spanish is considered as the official language. Moreover, there are around 62 native languages that are still spoken by one-third of the population. The Spanish language which is spoken by native Mexicans is quite dif ferent from the Castilian Spanish which is the original language of Spain (Foreign & Commonwealth Office, â€Å"Mexico: Country Information†). Five Most Popular Dishes in Mexico ‘Cabrito’ is a very famous and traditional dish of Mexico. This dish is prepared with baked baby goat which is gradually cooked over ‘mesquite coals’ which comprise several of Mexican herbs and spices (All about Mexico, â€Å"Culinary†). Another popular dish is ‘

Review of Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review of Final Exam - Essay Example The south and the north portray a difference in the triumphing denomination. The south is stalwartly going traditional, and even reactionary based on the economically advanced nations. The Roman Catholic draws characteristics of being traditionalists and fideistic and or radical protestant evangelical or Pentecostal sects. The difference in the Anglican understanding of the bible bring up the question if this is a splintering or simply a realignment, but whichever the case, we are now two different churches. Cultural imperialism, clearly highlighted in the laws of globalization and correctly defined as homogenization standards of tests, behavior, cultures among others. The hollywood, for instance, is inseparable from American imperialism. Therefore, the term Cultural imperialism can be viewed in two dimensions. One that perceives it as imperialism within the culture domain and the other one tend to see it in terms of the cultural aspect of imperialism. These two are complementary in understanding cultural imperialism. Scott particularly raises a strong argument against cultural imperialism stating that it may reflect recent past therefore failing to capture the big picture and at the same time, the audience actively construct and filter meaning in a way that makes sense only to them. There is also a very present likelihood of emergence of a polycentric world of film production. The Hollywood, for instance, has multinational ownership, global auteurs and transnational circuits of cultural influence. Asia (Pusan, South Korea), Europe (Venice, Cannes, Belin) and North America (Toronto, Canada) are known to be among the places that have major film festivals. These festivals serve the purpose of alternating the circuit of distribution while simultaneously promote transnational economy of cultural prestige. They also aid in showcasing national cinemas, facilitate

Pluralism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pluralism - Coursework Example In the framework of this view we can see that in the world there are those who will have the light of the gospel, and those who will not; "Existing Light" View. This one implies that those who respond positively to the light will have be able to get the salvation without further light; "Greater Light" View. Here it is asserted that ‘those who respond to the light, will be given greater light’; "Later Light" View. Here it is said that the chance to hear the gospel and respond for or against Jesus will be certainly given to those who have never heard of Christ at the Second Advent or after death. The self-assessment of the Christianity, in context of pluralism varied from insisting on its exclusivity to the recognition of the other religions - and is still not fully defined. Many Christians insist that life in Christ leads to the life in the world of future, while all other religious with their pluralism reflect different ways of the human attempts to get the Gospel Truth within the framework of

The Resistivity of Wires Essay Example for Free

The Resistivity of Wires Essay Introduction Anthony Gullan Physics Coursework An Investigation to Find the Resistivity of Wires The Experiment The experiment that was used to obtain the results was very simple. The voltage and current were measured whilst varying the length of wire. The results for voltage and current were recorded along with the diameter of the wire. This allowed for a range of other values to be calculated, including cross-sectional area and resistivity. image00. png. The Equipment A power supply A voltmeter and an Ammeter A jockey A micrometer A 1 meter ruler Wire Connecting cables What is Resistivity? The resistance of a conductor depends on three factors: The material The size of material (eg length) The temperature The equation for Resistance is: R = ? l A In this equation the constant is called resistivity, ?. This is governed by the nature of the material and is affected by temperature. Resistivity varies for different materials, but stays constant for a given material. Below is a table illustrating a few materials resistivity. The equation for resistivity therefore is: ? = RA L The units for resistivity are ? m (ohm-metres). Conductivity The opposite of resistivity is conductivity. This can be calculated by using this formula: ? = 1/? The units are ? -1m-1. Predictions I think that the results that I work out will show these patterns: As the length increases the resistance will also increase – there is more wire resulting in more energy needed for the same results As the Cross-Sectional Area increases the resistance will decrease – the wire is ‘wider’ resulting in more electrons being able to flow at any one timeThis graph is a straight diagonal line. This shows that Resistance and Length are directly proportional. In other words if one value increases by a certain amount then the other value will increase by a proportional amount. Although in this experiment there are a few anomalies, caused either by technical problems or through human error, this graph shows a strong picture of the relationship between length and resistance of a wire. Resistance against Area and 1/Area Resistance (? ) o start with I will analyse Resistance against 1/Area. This graph shows that the cross-sectional area and the resistance of a wire are inversely proportional. At first the shape of the graph suggests that the two values are directly proportional. However, as the area is displayed as 1/area this makes it inversely proportional. This is because the equation for something that is inversely proportional is: A ? 1/B, or in this case Resistance ? 1/Area read more. Conclusion From the data I have made three observations: The length of the wire has a proportional effect on the resistance of the wire The cross-sectional are is inversely proportional to the resistance of the wire The length of the wire divided by the area of the wire and the resistance of a wire are proportional. Having plotted a graph of these values the resistivity of the wire can be found out by calculating the gradient of the line. These observations can also be written as: R ? L R ? 1/A ? = RA/L Evaluation I think that the results that were obtained were good. There were a few anomalies in the graph, however these did not seem to affect the calculations too much. The graphs that I could produce with the data showed how each aspect was related to the others. The experiment used to calculate the results could have been better. For example, more readings could have been taken – i. e. every 5cm. However with the data I was given it was possible to show the relations between resistance, length, cross-sectional area and resistivity. read more. This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section. Found what youre looking for? Start learning 29% faster today 150,000+ documents available Just ? 6. 99 a month Get Full Access Now or Learn more Not the one?

Operation Management Facility Location Layout Marketing Essay

Operation Management Facility Location Layout Marketing Essay Q2. Visit the websites of three major organizations in your region. Find out where their facilities are located. Explain some factors which should be considered while evaluating location options for a facility because globalization has made consumers expect the best products at the lowest prices irrespective of where they are produced. Companies are under competitive pressure to engage in global production and service operations due to the rapid growth of global markets We all know that every organisation goes by the The Four Ps: Price, Product, Promotion and Place. Place refers generally to distribution, i.e., where your customer evaluates and ultimately receives your product or service. While this may not matter much for people who work virtually, or who run a business that drop-ships from a third party, its critical for restaurants, retailers, and even many service businesses. Ironically, while place is often the most permanent of the four Ps, its also often the most overlooked. So, Operations Management takes into consideration Facility location layout to decide on the problem of choosing the right place. Location is about more than just choosing a building. Perhaps for you, opening your business in your own town, or even your part of town, is a given. But consider the big picture: State Income taxes and sales taxes vary greatly from state to state, as do regulatory requirements. Is the state you live in friendly to entrepreneurship? To the specific type of business you want to run? Now might be the time to consider a move if it isnt, or possibly to open your business in a nearby state if you live near a state line. City Rent and other costs, availability of labour, taxes, regulations and government economic incentives can also vary greatly from city to city, even within the same state. Or maybe a small town is the perfect spot for your business. Part of town What kind of commute is involved? Is the part of town consistent with the image for your business? Rent varies greatly according to location. Location relative to streets, parking, and other businesses Do you need to be visible and/or easily accessible to pedestrian and automobile traffic? Will being close to businesses that draw a similar clientele help your business? For example, a sporting goods store or health food store might do very well next to a gym. Type of location Do you need office space, retail or warehouse? Retail is generally the most expensive of the three. There are many factors to consider in choosing the location for your business. While cost is obviously a major consideration, you must also think about your various constituencies. Is your location important to:- You? The space has to work for you, or it wont work. Remember, youre the one has to work there every day. Your customers? It also has to work for your customers, or it wont work. No customers = no business. Your employees? This issue may not be as critical at first, especially if you dont have any employees yet. But the ability to attract and keep good employees will be affected by your location. Strategic partners? While this may not seem like a big issue, the reality is that strategic partnerships happen more easily when the partners are local to each other. Why do you think that certain areas become hubs for certain types of business, such as Silicon Valley for the tech industry? Potential investors or buyers? You may not even be thinking about that yet, but potential investors looking at the long-term value of the business will see location as an important factor. Each of these groups has different concerns about the location: Cost Most obviously, can you afford it? Also, though, consider whether your customers and employees can afford it. For example, is there free parking, or is it expensive? Will higher rent cause you to charge higher prices to your customers? Thats not necessarily a bad thing, but a factor to consider. What about taxes? Income taxes and sales taxes vary greatly from state to state, and if you buy your own property, Convenience Is it easy to find? Is parking close by? Consider your clients. If youre dealing with pregnant mothers and the elderly, they may have a different concept of convenient. Safety This is an increasingly important issue for both customers and employees. Is the parking close by? Well lit? Is there security on the premises? Prestige Would a downtown address add credibility? Will wealthy clients favour a business in their own neighbourhood? Some places even provide virtual offices with prestigious addresses, such as Beverly Hills, Silicon Valley, or Manhattan. Traffic Retailers and restaurants love it, office workers dont. Facility requirements Do you have any special needs, such as high power consumption or specialized wiring? Do you need meeting space, but only occasionally? You might consider a shared office suite (often called executive suites) in that case. Zoning Many cities have very strict zoning requirements. Make sure your business is even allowed there before you sign the lease! A fully informed decision involves a fairly complex matrix of issues. Determine your priorities, keep an open mind about your options, do your research, and get ready to make one of the most important decisions about your business. WHAT IS FACILITY LOCATION LAYOUT? Facility Location is the right location for the manufacturing facility, it will have sufficient access to the customers, workers, transportation, etc. For commercial success, and competitive advantage following are the critical factors. Overall objective of an organization is to satisfy and delight customers with its product and services. Therefore, for an organization it becomes important to have strategy formulated around its manufacturing unit. A manufacturing unit is the place where all inputs such as raw material, equipment, skilled labours, etc. come together and manufacture products for customers. One of the most critical factors determining the success of the manufacturing unit is the location. Factors Influencing Facility Location: If the organization can configure the right location for the manufacturing facility, it will have sufficient access to the customers, workers, transportation, etc. For commercial success, and competitive advantage following are the critical factors: Customer Proximity: Facility locations are selected closer to the customer as to reduce transportation cost and decrease time in reaching the customer. Business Area: Presence of other similar manufacturing units around makes business area conducive for facility establishment. Availability of Skill Labour: Education, experience and skill of available labor are another important, which determines facility location. Free Trade Zone/Agreement: Free-trade zones promote the establishment of manufacturing facility by providing incentives in custom duties and levies. On another hand free trade agreement is among countries providing an incentive to establish business, in particular, country. Suppliers: Continuous and quality supply of the raw materials is another critical factor in determining the location of manufacturing facility. Environmental Policy: In current globalized world pollution, control is very important, therefore understanding of environmental policy for the facility location is another critical factor. Center of Gravity, Location Strategy: Location Strategy in Operations Management is an important factor to be considered. It is important because it helps in determining the place of manufacture. The place of manufacture needs to have certain qualities of features where manufacturing process takes place hassle-free. It is one such method or strategy which can determine the effectiveness of a location. Firms throughout the world are using the concepts and techniques in Operations Management to address the location decision because location greatly affects both fixed and variable costs. Location has a major impact on the overall risk and profit of the company. For instance, depending on the product and type of production or service taking place, transportation costs alone can total as much as 25% of the products selling price. That is, one-fourth of a firms total revenue may be needed just to cover freight expenses of the raw materials coming in and finished products going out. Other costs that may be influenced by location include taxes, wages, raw material costs and rents. Companies make location decisions relatively infrequently, usually because demand has out-grown the current plants capacity or because of changes in labour productivity, exchange rates, costs or local attitudes. Companies may also relocate their manufacturing or service facilities because of shifts in demographics and customer demand. Location options include Expanding an existing facility instead of moving Maintaining current sites while adding another facility elsewhere and Closing the existing facility and moving to another location. The location decision often depends on the type of business. For industrial location decisions, the strategy is usually minimizing costs, although innovation and creativity may also be critical. For retail and professional service organizations, the strategy focuses on maximizing revenue. Warehouse location strategy, however, may be driven by a combination of cost and speed of delivery. The objective of location strategy is to maximize the benefit of location to the firm. Location and costs: because location is such a significant cost and revenue driver, location often has the power to make or break a companys business strategy. Key multinationals in every major industry, from automobiles to mobile phones, now have or are planning a presence in each of their major markets. Location decisions to support a low cost strategy require particularly careful considerations. Once management is committed to a specific location, many costs are firmly in place and difficult to reduce. For instance, if a new factory location is in a region with high energy costs, even a good management with an outstanding energy strategy is starting at a disadvantage. Management is in similar bind with its human resource strategy if labor in the selected location is expensive, ill-trained or has a poor work ethic. Consequently, hard work to determine an optimal facility location is a good investment. Location and Innovation: When creativity, innovation and research and development investments are critical to the operations strategy, the location criteria may change from a focus on costs. When innovation is the focus, four attributes seem to affect overall competitiveness as well as innovation. The presence of high-quality and specialized inputs such as scientific and technical talent As environment that encourages investment and intense local rivalry. Pressure and insight gained from a sophisticated local market. Local presence of related and supporting industries. A workplace that has carefully arranged its layout will allow for a more effective and efficient workflow and produce its good or services to a high standard. There are three types of workflow layouts that managers can choose from: Process layout: arranged in departments (e.g., hospitals). Product layout: production line (e.g., a car assembly plant). Fixed-position layout: building a large item (e.g., jumbo jet). CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND DESIRE: Consumer behaviour refers to the mental and psychological process that goes in the mind of buyer so as to choose one product or service and not the other. In the first stage of buying, the consumer identifies and need and selects a product or service that will satisfy the need. On selecting the product, they estimate amount they are willing to spend on it. Just before buying the product or service, the consumer analyzes the different price on offer. Here are the factors that influence consumer choices: 1. Culture Culture is the way of life of a community or group. In order to fit in a cultural group, a consumer must follow the written and unwritten cultural norms. For instance, for your to fit in an Islamic community, you are cannot consume pork. To fit among the youth in any community, you are expected to dress like them. In other words, cultural norms define what a consumer can or cannot buy. 2. Lifestyle Your lifestyle is generally determined by the amount of money you make. If you make more cash, you are expected to keep to a certain lifestyle. Lifestyle influence consumer behaviour directly by the fact that if you earn less, you cannot afford to buy items which are above your class. On the other hand, if you are from a higher class, you will feel like your class is lowered by consuming cheap products or services. 3. Motivation Motivation is what drives a person to consider one need to be more important that the other. The more important need demands to be satisfied sooner than the others. Motivation is powered by different physiological, biological and social needs. If you are motivated by the need to feel important, you will generally buy products or services that feed this need. 4. Personality Personality is a set of characters that are deeply embedded in a persons mind. Personality differs from person to person and also place and time. Personality determines what you eat, wear, drive or watch. In simple terms, personality determines all your decisions including your attitude towards different products. 5. Age Age influences consumer behaviour in a rather direct way. For instance, the needs of a 6-year old are not similar to those of a teenager. Consumer needs are basic in childhood but become complex in teenage and middle ages. In old age, consumer needs go back to basic. Furthermore, the psychological needs of people at different age groups are different thus the difference in consumer behaviour. 6. Perception Perception is the prevailing popular opinion about a product or service at a particular time. Perceptions change with time. Consumer can have the same need but buy totally different brands due to perception. In the past, mobile phones were only for communication- calling and texts. This perception has since changed; mobile phones have a variety of functions. Perception is also influence by media reports and advertising. Just after the Oil Spill at the Gulf of Mexico, perceptions about BP the oil company were really bad. **************

Challenges Faced By The Nomura Securities

Challenges Faced By The Nomura Securities Nomura Securities was founded in 1925 by Tokushichi Nomura II and it was the first Japanese securities company to establish an office outside Japan in 1927. Nomura Securities Co. Ltd is a subsidiary of Nomura Holdings. Inc, a Japanese financial holding company. Nomura Securities is the leading Brokerage house and Investment bank in Japan and performs equity and fixed-income trading, underwriting of stock and bond issues, MA advisory services. Until October 2008, most of Nomuras operations were mainly restricted within Japan and having made a number of unsuccessful attempts to expand into other key markets, the acquisition of Lehman proved to be a watershed deal. In order to expand its operations globally Nomura took over the Asian, European and Middle Eastern (EMEA) operations of Lehman brothers, an American investment bank after it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Barclays took over Lehman brothers North American Operations. The acquisition of Lehman Brothers is expected to help Nom ura reach its goal of becoming one of the top five independent successful global investment banks. Before the acquisition of the Lehman businesses Nomura had an 18,000 strong workforce although a large part were based out of Japan, and greater than 90 % of its revenue from its local operations. After the acquisition, it retained over 8,000 former Lehman staff which meant Nomura had a difficult task in hand to integrate two very different corporate cultures. The union was termed as marriage of Tokyo and Wall street.'(FT.com, 2008) This was the first time when such a union had been attempted in the investment banking arena. The firm is still in its cultural transitional phase and its trying its best to overcome its teething problems. 1.2 Operations Nomuras operations are divided into three regions:- Asia-Pacific including Japan and India- Regional headquarter is in Hong Kong. Its operations are spread across 12 countries in the region. Americas- Regional headquarter is in New York. It operates from 6 strategically located offices in North and South America. Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) Regional headquarter is in London. The operations are spread across 18 countries in the region. The banks global headquarters is in Tokyo, Japan. All of Nomuras business lines are coordinated globally and the regional heads report to their Tokyo-based business heads. Source: http://www.nomuraholdings.com/investor/summary/financial/data/2009_2q_leh.pdf http://www.nomuraholdings.com/investor/library/ar/2009/pdf/ar_all.pdf 1. 2 Vision Its long term vision is to become the top independent global investment bank. Source: http://www.nomura.com/europe/about_nomura/index.shtml Expansion of operations could render a firms organisational structure to become more complex as decision making takes more time. In order to make the decision making process faster and effective Nomura decided to reaffirm its matrix management style of organisation. Nomuras approach to decision making is quite centralised. Centralization means that the responsibility of making decisions is limited to those at the top of the organisations hierarchy. (Gordon, Pg 403)Decision making at Nomura is top down which consists of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) on the top followed by the Chief Operating Officer (COO) and then five CEOs for each of its business division. The CEOs of business divisions are responsible for all the decision making of their division taking into consideration the management values adopted by the Nomura group as a whole. All these heads are based in Japan. To oversee the companys European operations theres also a European Regional Head. 2.1 Matrix Structure Matrix structure is an integration of a Functional and a Market Oriented structure. Functional structure groups people according to their skill set. It allows division of labour as specialisation which makes the organisation more effective. On the other hand in a Market Oriented structure employees are grouped according to product, project, client or geographical area. A Matrix structure team has two heads i.e. one being the functional head and other a regional head. Matrix structure helps in flexibility of employees as per the changing needs of the organisation. It also aids in prompt decision making and brings about diversity in skills and ideas. At Nomura, employees are grouped according to their expertise in various functional lines as well as relative experience in client servicing. The Lehman acquisition although brought in strong operational diversity and better branding the resultant organisational structure was mammoth and complex an HR nightmare possibly. Nomuras post-Lehman operational structure looks more diversified both from a product offering as well as a geographical stand-point; Nomura has three reportable geographic segments with a stronger talent pool and a broader franchise i.e. Asia-Pacific, Americas and Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA). It has appointed CEOs every business division stationed in Tokyo with every region having a regional head as well as a regional divisional head. 3. Organisation Culture Organisation Culture is defined as a set of shared values and beliefs that interact with an organizations people, structure, and systems to produce behavioural norms. (Harvey Brown, Pg 69) Every organisation has a unique culture. Nomura traditionally has been a conservative investor and largely risk-averse which seemed poles apart from the usual wall-street philosophy. The distinctions between Nomuras Japanese and American Corporate cultures are cited below: Employment Tenure- Employees in Japan are more likely married to their firms with most firms expecting to retain talent through long-term employment schemes. American firms, on the other hand have their eyes firmly set on profitability and return. Promotions- In Japan promotions are based on age and seniority whereas in America promotions are based more on performance. Payroll- Japanese Companies usually pay their employees a fixed salary with low or very little bonus whereas American firms have fixed salaries and employee bonuses are decided according to their performance. Decision Making- In Japanese companies decision making is top down whereas in American style companies managers have more delegation and authority. Therefore decision making in American firms is prompt. Attitude towards risk- Japanese are risk averse whereas Americans are more aggressive. Work Culture- Japanese work culture is very stiff in terms of dress code and punctuality to work whereas American culture is more flexible. Nomura hired 8,000 former Lehman employees. In order to keep the Lehman operations running Nomura had an uphill task of retaining Lehmans employees which meant it needed to change its organisation culture. Source: http://globalization.suite101.com/article.cfm/japanese_corporate_culture 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths- Lehman had a strong position in Europe and it had well developed IT and RD platforms. It possessed high velocity trade machines. Lehman was very active and was one of the best in the markets aided by a very skilled work force which gave Lehman a competitive edge. 95% of Lehmans employees accepted job offers given by Nomura. It is imperative for Nomura to effectively utilize the skill set and knowledge base in order to enhance its business prospects and also achieve economies of scale by resource integration. Weakness- Nomura needed to protect its human capital resulting in high employee costs right at the outset very much in line with Lehman tradition of keeping up higher pay outs. Nomura also needed to build its client franchise from scratch given its lack of presence in the EMEA region and also battle a growing reluctance from clients to trade with a relatively fresh and un-proven broker-dealer. It also initially suffered the baggage of the Lehman bankruptcy, which made it extremely difficult to convince clients and regulators as well as to its viability as a solvent counterparty. Opportunities- One could say that the recent credit crisis provided Nomura with a unique prospect of re-inventing itself. Additionally Nomuras traditional Asian advantage enabled it to push its franchise far more aggressively having added talent from Lehman. Nomura currently has a sound platform to launch a strong client-focussed business. Joint operations will create synergies and generate higher revenues as Nomura can be cost effective in running combined operations. It has a diverse set of services as well as workforce which can help them specialise in niche markets as well as create innovative products in investment banking. Threats- Market conditions are currently volatile across Europe while recovery in the Americas has been painfully gradual. Nomura continues to sustain high operational costs. Although Nomura is desperately trying to mould itself into a global player the inherent cultural clash remains, which could de-motivating for the employees. Source: http://n.ethz.ch/student/rebibr/projects/Lehman-Nomura.pdf 5. Organisational Change Organisations have to change in order to stay competitive. Changes in an organisations environment in terms of competition, new clients and diversity in workforce force an organisation to make changes to its culture. However these changes are significant to Nomuras goal to become a world-class investment bank. Organisational change represents any alteration to existing cultural fabric of an organisation. It happens when a company is growing and going through evolution in terms strategy. Nomura is adopting a behavioural approach to change i.e. its a planned change and it improves communication, group behaviour, leadership skills, and power relations by changing employees knowledge, skills, interactions and attitudes as well as the organisational culture.'(Gordon, Pg.460) The Organisational change was done in four Phases:- Create Synergies Promote efficiency Start Joint Operations Ex- Lehman staff Join Nomura PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 Phase 1-Retain Lehman employees in order to smoothly run the acquired business. Phase 2- Integrate infrastructure as Nomura took over Lehmans Information Technology (IT) platform and Global Services in India. Phase 3- Making sure that the combined infrastructure and Operations are running efficiently. Phase 4- Joint operations will create synergies and generate high revenues. Source: http://www.nomuraholdings.com/investor/summary/financial/data/2009_2q_leh.pdf 5.1Changes in Nomura Compensation Structure- Nomura is seeking to follow Lehmans compensation structure of paying high performance bonus of its employees in line with global investment banking standards. Although Nomuras old employees were given a choice to choose Lehmans compensation structure of low basic pay and high performance bonuses. Over half of their old staff chose the Western compensation system which is very different from the traditional Japanese pay structure. Job Security- Earlier Nomuras employees had a better job security although compensation levels were average and very different from the Wall Street philosophy. With the current structure the employees would be offered performance-based bonuses and higher total compensation although the job security would be relatively absent. Complex Matrix- It has adopted a complex Matrix type of organisation structure to achieve flexibility and prompt decision making. Decision Making- Regional and Divisional managers are given more delegation. Traditionally decisions were taken in groups. Managerial Changes- Traditionally most of the senior managerial positions were handled by Japanese but recently three non Japanese Managing Directors have been appointed who are ex Lehman staff. Changes in Job Scope- In the past positions were decided according to age and seniority and now more emphasis is based on the skill set of the employees and their performance. The takeover of Lehman by Nomura looks like a reverse takeover as Nomura is trying to follow Lehmans Organisation cultures rather than super-imposing its own culture. This is because it realises the value of the ex Lehman staff as they can give them a competitive edge over other investment banks. Therefore its making sure that the ex Lehman staff is satisfied working at Nomura so that they can perform well and stay in the job. Another reason for adopting these changes could be that in the past Nomura had made some failed attempts to expand its business operations outside Japan. 5.2 The Change Process The change process of Nomura could be explained with the help of Kurt Lewin Model. The model describes the change process in three stages which are as follows:- 1. Unfreezing- Creating awareness of a need for change and create the right environment for change. Giving old Nomuras employees an option to change their compensation structure is a method of unfreezing as its older employees realise that their counterparts from Lehman will be earning higher. This could have put pressure on Nomuras employees to perform according to Lehmans expectations and thus forcing them to change to the new culture. 2. Change- Making the change. In Nomura this was done through changing its management structure, educating employees and motivating them to work together as a team. The Chief Operating Officer (COO) of Nomura, Mr. Takumi Shibata acknowledged that there were cultural differences in integrating the two companies but they were focused to work as one team, one firm. 3. Refreezing- A firm has to cement the change and make it its organisation culture. In Nomuras case, they are still undergoing change as the takeover took place only a year and half back. However the progress so far achieved has been no less spectacular given the hard line differences and size of operation. Source: http://www.mansis.com/freeze.htm Nomura Annual Report 2009 6. Organisational Development Techniques Organization development is a system-wide application of behavioural science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for improving an organizations effectiveness.(Cummings and Worley, Pg 2) Nomura believes in upgrading the skills of its employees through its employee development programmes. This is done so that an employees potential could be maximised at work. Employees are given authority to demonstrate their skills, abilities and they are evaluated on the basis of their performance. In order to enrich the careers of its employees Nomura initiated comprehensive education and training programmes. In 2006, it launched a Happy career and life project which aimed to help its employees maximise their potential. Nomura initiated training in global business etiquette in seven of its offices worldwide including Japan so that the employees could understand the differences in culture and background. This was done to increase responsiveness among its employees so that they understand the importance of building relationship with customers and fellow employees. In 2008, Nomura established Diversity and Inclusion offices in Europe and Asia Pacific. Diversity and inclusion is about respecting human rights and offering equal opportunities within organizations regardless of gender, age, race, faith, or values and harnessing peoples talent.'(Nomura Holdings Website) This programme was introduced to unleash employee potential and capitalize on value. Under this Nomuras Human Resource department will analyse the HR processes such as promotion, recruitment and performance management so that their diverse workforce is well managed. In order to prevent discrimination based on age, race and gender Nomura orga nised 29 training sessions and over 14,000 employees attended the training. Nomura has also created support systems for its female employees in terms of proving more childcare leave and offering assistance with the day care expenses of infants. Source: http://www.nomuraholdings.com/csr/stakeholder/employee/diversity.html http://www.peoplemanagement.co.uk/pm/articles/2010/04/investment-bank-nomura-launches- multi-strand-equality-strategy.htm 7. Conclusion Nomuras long term aim is to become a World class investment bank. After the acquisition, Nomura has achieved market gains in Asia (excluding Japan) and Europe. They are aggressively building business in the US market. Nomuras revenue from markets outside Japan has increased significantly after the acquisition of Lehman Brothers operations in Europe and Asia. Net revenue from its Asia and Europe divisions surpassed Japan in two of the four quarters for the first time. Clearly the integration has benefited Nomura as its revenue from its overseas operations has increased significantly. The Acquisition has generated immense synergies and its helping Nomura to achieve its goal of becoming a World Class Investment Bank. The two firms complement each other in terms of products, geographical locations and customers. Till now the acquisition has proved to be a good one but in the long run Nomura will have to address to a lot of challenges in terms of culture while maintaining balance between American and Japanese culture to keep its new as well as its old employees satisfied. It was easy for Nomura to retain ex Lehman employees as when the takeover took place as the market conditions were bad but once the market conditions stabilise employees might look for greener pastures. Therefore, Nomura has to a task of retaining its employees in the long run as employees are its biggest assets. Source:http://www.financeasia.com/News/174347,nomuras-emergence-as-a-global-investment-bank.aspx?refresh=on 8. Recommendations Most of the success stories on Wall Street have been of firms following a singular cultural philosophy across their businesses. Although the sweeping changes at Nomura have been largely well received by its employees, the company is a long way from realising its potential in the market-place. It needs to inculcate the performance-based compensation spirit amongst its Japanese employees while at the same time relying on Japanese practical wisdom of conservatism. Also behavioural changes in terms of better group dynamics, equal-opportunities irrespective of race, sex and age should be inculcated given the largely male dominated Japanese society. Nomura should take the culture change slowly as it has to keep its employees in Japan in high spirits. They might feel less motivated and think that new employees are more important to the company. Rather than the top management deciding how to change the organisation culture the decision should be taken collectively involving all its employees. Nomura should not get too carried away by the increase in revenues in overseas markets. It has to make sure that the upward trend in revenue generation continues without any holdups. Nomura should not get too Americanized in terms of risk adverse attitude. American banking approach allows managers to take risks which can be very disastrous. It should follow a mixture of Japanese risk averse and American risk adverse attitude in other to run the operations successfully without any turbulence in these volatile economic conditions. Lastly, there should be team building activities in which new and old employees should play an active part. Both old and new employees should work together as a team in order to make Nomura a successful global investment bank.

Ambiguities Explored in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essays

Ambiguities Explored in Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚   Literature is never interpreted in exactly the same way by two different readers. A prime example of a work of literature that is very ambiguous is Joseph Conrad's, "Heart of Darkness". The Ambiguities that exist in this book are Marlow's relationship to colonialism, Marlow's changing feelings toward Kurtz, and Marlow's lie to the Intended at the end of the story.    One interpretation of Marlow's relationship to colonialism is that he does not support it. Conrad writes, "They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly now,-nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation, lying confusedly in the greenish gloom" (p. 27-28). Marlow says this and is stressing that the so-called "savages", or Africans, are being treated and punished like they are criminals or enemies when in fact they never did anything. He observes the slow torture of these people and is disgusted with it. Marlow feels sympathy for the black people being slaved around by the Europeans but doesn't do anything to change it because that is the way things are. One can see the sympathy by the way that he gives a starving black man one of his biscuits. "To tear treasure out of the bowels of the land was their desire, with no moral purpose at the back of it than there is in burglars breaking into a safe" (p. 54). This statement by Marlow conveys th at he doesn't believe that the Europeans have a right to be stripping Africa of its riches. He views the Jungles of Africa as almost it's own living, breathing monster.    It is evident that Marlow is one of the few white men on the journey that questions the belief at the time that the natives of Africa are "inhu... ...ch open up the readers mind. Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness", raises many questions about society and the human potential for evil.    Works Cited and Consulted:       Conrad, Joseph.   Heart of Darkness 3rd Ed.   Ed. Robert Kimbrough. New York:   Norton Critical, 1988.    Edward W. Said, The World, the Text, and the Critic. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983) 13.    Hillman, James. "Notes on White Supremacy: Essaying an Archetypal Account of Historical Events," Spring (1986): 29-57.    McLynn, Frank. Hearts of Darkness: The European Exploration of Africa. New York: Carol & Gey, 1992.    Meyers, Jeffrey.   Joseph Conrad.   New York:   Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991.    Patrick Brantlinger, "Heart of Darkness: Anti-Imperialism, Racism, or Impressionism?" Criticism (Fall, 1985) 364.     

Analysis of The Darling, by Anton Chekhov Essay -- The Darling Essays

The story â€Å"The Darling† by Anton Chekhov, illustrates a woman that is lonely, insecure, and lacking wholeness of oneself without a man in her life. This woman, Olenka, nicknamed â€Å"Darling† is compassionate, gentle and sentimental. Olenka is portrayed for being conventional, a woman who is reliant, diligent, and idea less. Although, this story portrays that this woman, known as the Darling needs some sort of male to be emotionally dependant upon, it is as if she is a black widow, she is able to win affection, but without respect. Only able to find happiness through the refection of the beliefs of her lovers, she never evolves within the story. This story, â€Å"The Darling† presents how a woman, named Olenka, the main character, who is also, in this story, known as the darling, has a reliance on others, and for the most lives an empty life. Olenka does not posses any personality of her own; therefore, she only finds happiness in reflecting the belief of her husbands/lovers. Olenka has the need to be fond of someone, and she frequently, fills her empty life through others, but only after having time of lacking wholeness in her self. In the beginning it appears that Olenka is waiting for Mr. Right, but it is really so, that Olenka, is dependant and needs to love and have the love of others. She finds this love, this unconditional love that most look for, in people such as her aunt, the school’s French master, and even her father. Later, Olenka finds herself married to a man, by the name of, Kukin, and Kukin being her first husband. Kukin is someone whom Olenka feels she cannot be without. Olenka sitting lonely on her back porch, night after night, and lost in thought, listened, one evening, to Kukin, the manager of an open-air theater, called the Tivoli, says, â€Å"Again!†. â€Å"It’s going to rain again!† meaning there will be no work. She again on the following evening, listens to him, as he, with a laugh of hysteria, says, â€Å"Well, rain away, then! Flood the garden, drown me!.....† Olenka trying to become part of something and feel as if she has a purpose, would listen to Kukin with silent gravity, and sometimes there would be tears that would fill her eyes. Kukin proposed to Olenka. Afterward marring and getting a closer view of Olenka, he throws his hands up and says, â€Å"You darling!† After seeing her neck and her plump, fine s... ...end proves to this reader that Olenka has never been able to fulfill this need she is looking for, this need to love and to be loved. Voloditchka and Sasha do come back to this place where Olenka is, but with his wife and the mother of his son, to reconcile. In Conclusion, this story portrays a woman who is insecure, lonely, and looking to love and to be loved. This love is something which Olenka searches for in males, both adults, and boys, she thinks she finds this love, in her husbands and, lover. She what she thinks to be love, in her first husband, and then her second, but the third male in her life, her lover, known as Voldichka is there only for his satisfaction. Olenka does get the fulfillment of love needed y Voldichka. Olenka than tries through a boy named Sasha, Voldichka’s son. It is true to this reader that even though Olenka experienced these relationships with these men and the boy, Sasha, she still never found a complete fulfillment in life. Olenka did not experience respect as a woman, but someone who would be there as needed. Olenka never earned respect as most women do, she to this reader only was a filler for others, others of the gender known as male.

Chapter 54 Essay

Chapter 54: Community Ecology Concept 54.1 Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved. 1.What is a community? List six organisms that would be found in your schoolyard community. 2.This section will look at interspecific interactions. Be clear on the meaning of the prefix! To begin, distinguish between intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Give an example of each. Type of Competition Explanation Example Intraspecific competition Interspecific competition 3.What is G. F. Gause’s competitive exclusion principle? Give one example. 4.Define ecological niche. 5.Several species of Anolis lizards live in the same types of trees and have a similar diet. Discuss resource partitioning to explain how interspecific competition is reduced. (Study Figure 54.2.) 6.What is the difference between the fundamental niche and the realized niche? 7. Study Figure 54.5, and then explain what is meant by character displacement. (To do this, you will have to learn or review the difference between sympatric populations and allopatric populations. You will find this information in Chapter 24.) 8.Predation is a term that you probably already know. Can you give examples of some predator-prey combinations as listed below? Predator Prey Animal Animal Animal Plant Fungus Animal Bacteria Animal Fungus Example Plant 9.List three special adaptations that predator species possess for obtaining food. 10.List three ways prey species elude predators. 11.Compare the two types of mimicry. Type of Mimicry Batesian MÃ ¼llerian Description Example 12.What is herbivory? 13.Did you list any special herbivore adaptations for predation in your response to question 9? Or plant adaptations to avoid herbivory? List two adaptations for each category here. 14.Describe and give an example of each of the following interactions: Type of Interaction Description Example symbiosis parasitism commensalism mutualism 15.Which category above includes the other three? Note that other texts may define this term more narrowly. 16.Your text uses +/– symbols to indicate how interspecific interactions affect survival and reproduction of the two species. Use this notation for each of these interactions. Type of Interaction predation commensalism mutualism parasitism interspecific competition herbivory +/+, +/–, –/–, +/0 17.What is species diversity? What are its two components? Why is it important? 18.What does an ecologist summarize in a food web? 19.Know the levels of trophic structure in food chains. Give a food chain here, including four links that might be found in a prairie community, and tell the level for each organism. 20.Name every organism in the pictured food chain, and give the trophic level in the box. 21.According to the energetic hypothesis, why are food chains limited in length? How much energy is typically transferred to each higher level? 22.What is a dominant species? For the area where you live, what would be considered a dominant tree species? 24.Name one keystone species, and explain the effect its removal has on the ecosystem. 25.Explain facilitator or foundation species and give an example. You may omit bottom-up and top-down controls. Concept 54.3- Disturbance influences species diversity and composition 26. What is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis? Give an example of a disturbance event, and explain the effect it has on the community. 27.Ecological succession is the changes in species that occupy an area after a disturbance. What is the difference between primary succession and secondary succession? Concept 54.4 Biogeographic factors affect community biodiversity 28. Explain latitudinal gradients in terms of species richness. Where is species richness greatest? 29.There are probably two key factors in latitudinal gradients. List and explain both here, and put a star next to the one that is probably the primary cause of the latitudinal difference in biodiversity. 30.Explain what is demonstrated by a species-area curve. 31.Renowned American ecologists Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson developed a model of island biogeography. While the model can be demonstrated with islands, any isolated habitat represents an island. What are the two factors that determine the number of species on the island? 32.What two physical features of the island affect immigration and extinction rates? 33.Why do small islands have lower immigration rates? Higher extinction rates? 34.Closer islands have 35.What is the island equilibrium model? 36.Use this model to describe how an island’s size and distance from the mainland affect the island’s species richness. extinction rates and immigration rates. Concept 54.4 Community ecology is useful for understanding pathogen life cycles and controlling human disease 37.Let’s pull a couple of ideas from this section: What is a pathogen? 38.What is a zoonotic pathogen? List three examples. 39.What is a vector? List three examples.

Analysis of Alfred M. Green’s Speech

Persuasion is the influence of beliefs, attitudes, actions, intentions and other such things; it is a process aimed at a person’s or group’s attitude or behavior towards some event, idea, object, or person. Albert Green cleverly uses connection and inspiration to persuade his fellow African Americans to join the ranks of the military. He connects with them by not only using unifying diction but also by appealing to their emotions, namely by speaking of their common historical plights, their â€Å"sires† or fathers.Green, instead of separating himself as the speaker, from his audience, and singling out the individuals making up the audience, in attempt and hope of persuading each and every one of them separately through the appeal of logic, as done commonly in the execution of persuasive speeches, uses unifying diction to connect with his fellow African Americans. He does so by using such phrasing as â€Å"we† instead of â€Å"you† or â€Å"I† and â€Å"ours† instead of â€Å"yours. † This simple change in word choice makes his tone sound sincere and genuine.Through the use of the word â€Å"brethren,† Green is able to makes religious connection. â€Å"Brethren† is the formal word used for brother in many religious scriptures predating the 12th century. Green hopes to connect with them at an emotional as well as spiritual level through use of commonly labeled as religious diction that is familiar to the African American people of this time, of whom a majority are highly religious Christians. He also connects with his audience through references to their common history, concerning their â€Å"sires† or fathers, dating back to the times of Washington and the Revolutionary War.He brings to light the failures â€Å"to bring [them] into recognition as citizens† and abuse caused by the fugitive-slave laws, Dred Scott decisions, indictments for treason†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Green does not hide these acts of humiliation, injustice and abuse; he claims that it is their â€Å"duty †¦ is not to cavil over past grievances. † He tells his fellow â€Å"brethren† that they should not keep grudges over the past for it has already happened and cannot be altered.Instead, he pushes and attempts to persuade them through inspiration, to take action and charge of the present and change the future for the better. To truly inspire another, one must appeal to their deep emotion and character ad Green does in his speech. Green makes reference to one’s honor and values as he explains they â€Å"may again give evidence to the world of the bravery and patriotism of a race in whose hearts burn the love of country of freedom, and of civil and religious toleration. Green speaks of â€Å"duty† when telling them they must â€Å"endeavor to hope for the future and improve the present auspicious movement† to make new their â€Å"claims upon the justice and ho nor of the Republic,† nor let the â€Å"honor and glory achieved by [their] fathers be blasted or sullied by a want of heroism. † What Green means by this is that he and his fellow â€Å"brethren† should not sulk over the â€Å"rights and wrongs† of the past but instead take action to form and enforce better for the present and upcoming future. Green wants them

What empathy means to me

Although there are many definitions for the term empathy, one of which states that it â€Å"refers to the reactions of one individual to the observed experiences of another (Davis,113)†, a very fitting definition, however empathy is so much more than Just a label for a reaction toa situation. Personally I don't think empathy is measureable by scientific assessment, rather empathy should be viewed as a means of moral virtue. A large part of empathy is respect; disagreeing with someone's choice or thought, while being able to view a situation from their point of view without udgment is truly key.This being said, that doesn't mean you have to agree or change your thoughts, but the ability to take in both opinions and react approperately is empathy. Both of my parents taught me â€Å"have you thought about their side of the situation? † This use to frustrate me until I discovered that taking a step back from my perspective and looking at it from a different approach usually made me change my attitude about the situation. No, it didn't always fix the situation, but it encouraged me to change my attitude from negative to understanding.Matthew 7:12 states â€Å"So hatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets. † Empathy is like a mirror, a reflection, but a reflection of emotions that you feel in your life being applied to the lives of those around you. This expression though commonly thought of as a sympathy or a form of comfort, isn't always the case. Looking at life through the eyes of others is how empathy is expressed. This realization of others feelings can create a bond between you and them. Reflecting on your experiences and applying the emotions from your life to situations of others is part of this mirroring.Empathy was defined by www. newyorker. com in the article The Baby in the Well by Paul Bloom as â€Å"an instinctive mirroring of others†. He also brings up the case of â⠂¬Å"The Empathy Altruism Hypothesis† a study done by psychologist C. Daniel Baston. This theory states that taking into consideration others points of view produces a form of self-satisfaction. This self-satisfaction is selflessness; that in itself self-motivates that person to express more empathy. I agree that there is self-satisfaction in helping others that drives you to want to help again, without any form of repayment.Empathy isn't Just thinking about doing something, but taking action. Empathy as an action seems to fall into a grey area where compassion, kindness, and comprehension all mesh together in a common meaning. According to www. thesaurus. com, these terms are synonymous; in this way, empathy is some much more in-depth than Just a term. Theodore Roosevelt once said â€Å"No one cares how much you know, until they know how much you care†. Part of being human is having expression, and emotion. Without it, what would separate us from a robot? Gary Small and Gigi Vorgan wrote the articleIs the internet killing empathy? (found on www. cnn. com) and bring up the statement â€Å"have our brains become so desensitized by 2417, all-you-can eat diet of lurid flickering images that we've lost all perspective on appropriateness and compassion†¦? † I agree that it has. Empathy is something to be learned over time through personal experience. This cannot be achieved without interaction with others face to face. If someone never experiences a situation how are they to know think that much of our perception of empathy comes from our learning though personal interaction.The only way that empathy can be taught is by experience. Whether that be reading someone else's reaction to something, or taking the â€Å"monkey see, monkey do† approach. Regardless, empathy to me is my connection, reaction, and personal views of a situation being expressed toward others at all times and having respect for both of our views. I appreciate that I was taught from an early age to view others opinions, no matter what the case may be, and interpret situations in that manner. Listening, understanding, and interacting with others is the appropriate action in all things in life.

Five Ways to Kill a Man

In this very blunt poem, Edwin Brock describes five distinct eras in which death had taken place. It is also hinted how man has evolved in their methods to kill themselves. Each stanza represents a different time and place. This is ranged from the biblical era to the mid-twentieth century. Different phrases within the stanzas give away which era Brock is referring to. All of which have different meanings and a very unemotional tone to them. â€Å"And one man to hammer the nails home. † The first stanza features the phrase above.It refers to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, when nailing a person to wood using nails to hold the victim was capital punishment. The people are assumed to be Roman, since this form of capital punishment was only practiced by this group in ancient times. The line in which â€Å"a crowd of people wearing sandals† reinforces the idea of the people being Roman. Brock suggests that in order to do something as gruesome as killing a person, all one wo uld need was a person, some wood, as well as nails.Things become more a tad more complicated in the â€Å"war or the roses†, or the European Middle Ages when weapons come into play. â€Å"A length of steel, shaped and chased in a traditional way† applies to swords or really any type of weapon that could be used â€Å"†¦to pierce the metal cage he wears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or armor. Brock illustrates how wars were fought for honor. â€Å"At least two flags†, is referring to two different armies, or royalties that fight against each other so that one can gain glory and celebrate their victory by having a banquet. Gas warfare in the First World War is described in the third stanza.In this time, men would blow mustard-gas, or chlorine gas, at their enemy when the wind would be blowing in the right direction. In this time, â€Å"mud ditches† were also introduced, allowing for soldiers to hide from their enemies as well as attack without being in full view. â⠂¬Å"Round hats made of steel† describes the helmets that soldiers would wear for protection. In the forth stanza, the â€Å"age of aeroplanes† describes being to dispose of the enemy by only â€Å"pressing one small switch†. This means killing by bombing, as what was done in world war two. Since bombing was practiced by he Germans, the Japanese, as well as the Americans, no one can be too sure which nation Brock is referring to, if any specifically. However, since the line â€Å"an ocean to separate you, two systems of government, a nation’s scientists, several factories† it is implied that it is referring to the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. This is because both nations used every scientist possible as well as every factory in order to find new ways to destroy one another. â€Å"A psychopath†, is mentioned in regards to Hitler. The last stanza is even broader than the last.Purposely making it to where the reader’s own op inions can take form and assume their own reasonable explanations. â€Å"Simpler, direct, and much more neat is to se he is living somewhere in the middle of the twentieth century, and leave him there. † In my own interpretation of this line, I think Brock was trying to say to us that it’s so much easier to kill a man in this day and age than it was in biblical times or the Middle Ages. Man has evolved so much in their attempt to perfect their way of killing, that all one would have to do is leave a man in this day and age and death would be able to find him.

Comparison Between Milo Horlicks and Bornevita

MILO BRANDING: Milo brand is the world’s leading chocolate malt beverage that can be prepared with hot or cold milk or water. Given its popularity it is a â€Å"must have† product for food service operators particularly in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Loved and trusted by parents and kids alike, Milo products offer essential vitamins and minerals: * calcium for strong teeth and bones * iron to carry oxygen to the body’s cells * vitamin A for healthy eye sight * vitamins B1 and B2 to help release energy from foods * Vitamin C to keep skin and gums in good shape.REF:(www. nestle. com/brands/allbrands/milo_foodservice). Origin: Milo was originally developed by Thomas Mayne in Sydney, Australia in 1934. It is marketed and sold in many countries around the world. Product availability: It is marketed and sold in many countries around the world (worldwide) (Ref :WIKI) Malted barley is one of the key ingredients that give MILO the unique great taste and crunch you love. It is naturally rich in carbohydrates (including starches and maltose), the preferred energy source for the brain, nervous system and working muscles.Including calcium, MILO contains 6 essential vitamins and minerals. Together with milk it is a nutrient rich drink for active kids. A glass of MILO and milk is: – High in protein – Low GI – Nutrient rich – particularly calcium where it provides nearly 50% of Recommended Daily Intake (RDI). REF: (http://www. milo. com. au/products/milo/) check this website below â€Å"DID YOU KNOW† PACKING: Package available, aging by replacing the old one with adding the interesting picture.Before this, Milo packaging only have their brand name, but nowadays Milo have been through the transformation by using faces of national athletes to attract more customers. Besides, Milo also has adding more colorful color beside of  their green color which is their main color. This improvement can attract children to drink Milo. B y doing this transformation Milo will be more up to date and can build loyal customer and as well as to be more different than their competitor such as Oligo Cocowhich are using the same green color for their packaging.Milo product enhancement Milo has realized and able to fulfill customer needs, so that they produce 3 in 1Milo from the normal powder Milo. This is for the customers that do not have enough time or in rush because they only need a short time to make it. This is because 3 in 1Milo already has added creamer and sugar for consumer convenience. Even kids also can do it by themselves because it already complete and they do not have to add anything. Add more ingredients To differentiate Milo from other product they have produce a healthy Milo by adding cereal in Milo Fuze.This Milo is very suitable for consumer that concern about healthy and on diet because cereal can avoid people from feeling hungry and contain fiber that good for digestion. Milo also contains a lot of nut rition which does notcontained in the other competitor’s product such as Oligo Coco. Oligo Coco is just a normal chocolate malt drink and they do not have nutrition such as Milo. (http://www. scribd. com/doc/26214574/15/Information-in-Milo-Packaging) HORLICKS BRANDING: Horlicks is the name of a company and of a malted milk hot drink.It is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline and it is available in the United Kingdom, South Africa, New Zealand, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Jamaica, and under licence in the Philippines and Malaysia. Horlicks has been the most leading brand leading and the most famous healthy food drink brand across the world and as well as in Bangladesh. ORIGIN: Product Origin: product of England (check this not sure). PACKING: This gave GSK the thought of unifying the logo, packaging and designing across all the product categories of Horlicks.The new look and design have evolved from consumer research across the segments along with attributes of the brand. The e lements in the new design are: – * The ‘Wave’ on the packaging shows the ‘activity’ of a person * The visual of milk and wheat shows the nourishing capabilities of Horlicks * Blue and orange colours have been part of the Horlicks family for many years and strongly help to identify the brand * The new logo also plays a role in reinforcing the trust and equity of the brand among the consumers The packaging in a plastic jar instead of a glass bottle is a way to make the brand easier to handle and use.A uniform size and shape for all bottles would also help in reducing the costs of producing different sized bottles. Customer choice of Horlicks is higher than any other food drink. BOURN vita BRANDING: Bournvita is the name of a brand of malted and chocolate malt drink and manufactured by Cadbury country of origin: United kingdom UK. The brand has been an enduring symbol of mental and physical health ever since it was launched. This layered with the great Cadbury chocolate taste has made the brand distinct from other offerings.It is hardly surprising then, that Bournvita enjoys a major presence in the Malt Food market. http://www. cadburyindia. com/in/en/brands/beverages/bournvita. aspx Most mothers would get a huge sense of relief on watching their child gulp down a full glass of milk. But in reality, without Vitamin D, calcium is not fully absorbed from milk. Earlier, sunlight was the major source of Vitamin D for children. But today, as their activities are mostly confined indoors, the daily dosage of Vitamin D may not be fulfilled.The new and enhanced Cadbury Bournvita is specially enriched with Vitamin D, so you can depend on it to bring out the goodness of calcium in milk. Cadbury Bournvita, with the additional combination of vitamin C, iron and other essential vitamins and minerals helps multiply the power of milk. http://www. cadburybournvita. in/ Product: Cadbury India Ltd launched Cadbury Bournvita, a chocolate health drink in 1947 in India. But even before launching its new health product in the Indian market, Bournvita was one of the most loved chocolate drinks around the world.Brown because its brown in colour & Vita because it has lots of vitamins. Bournvita is all about. a nutritional drink which acts as a dietary supplement providing nourishment along with good taste & flavors. For today’s kids who detest milk in its pure state unless flavored, this is an ideal drink. It has its own unique flavor, and the taste is rich and full-bodied. So easy to prepare, just instant mix it into your milk. Even a child can manage this for himself when he is in a hurry to run off to play!Many children I have known just scoop up a spoonful of Bournvita fine granules into their mouth and crunch away happily†¦goes to prove its taste bud friendly value for kids. Ingredients: Malt extracts, sugar, cocoa powder, milk solids, liquid glucose, vitamins, Bourn Vitaaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nutritional facts: 1) Gives p rotein. 2) Provides Vitamin A, Vitamin C & Vitamin B12. 3) Contains Calcium, Iron & Folic Acid. 4) It also provides our body with Niacin, pyridoxine, Riboflavin, & Thiamin which is very essential for the proper working of our nervous system.Price: Normally, price is the most important element in deciding the fate of any product. While purchasing any health drinks however, a housewife or a mother who is the ultimate buyer gives price secondary importance. She will carefully study the taste & nutritive values in the health drinks. I agree that Bournvita is one of the most expensive health drinks in the market (Rs. 101 for 500gms) but still due to its good taste & great nutritive values it has captured the majority of the market. Target Market:Brown HFDaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s target audience has always been kids who are in the age group of 7-15. Why a HFD targets audience in this age group? The answer to this is very simple. Most of the children in this age group have casual eating habits and milk is like a curse for them. This is were a HFD comes into picture the work ofA   HFD is not only to add flavor to the milk but also act as supplement whichA   can add nutrition to their child. The other advantage of having this segment as target market is HFD are mostly taken with milk http://mgmtfunda. com/marketing-mix-4ps-for-cadbury-bournvita/#