Threats to water availability in Canada

Threats to water availability in Canada Access to safe water for a healthy life is a major requirement for people in the world today. Although Canada is seen as a country with abundance of water resources, its population is the highest water consumer in the world causing a threat to its freshwater (Environment Canada 1).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Threats to water availability in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A larger portion of the Canadian population is concentrated in urban areas but many freshwater rivers flow towards the northern side, which is the opposite direction from the populated regions. In Canada, water is valuable and it contributes an income of around $7.5 to $23 billion every year (Environment Canada 3). Currently, most water sources are under pressure due to growing domestic demand of freshwater in Canada. This paper outlines the crisis of freshwater supply faced by Canada. Agriculture is the highest water consumer and it is estimated that out of the total water consumption in Canada, 70 percent is used for Agriculture (Environment Canada 37). In addition to this, urbanization is another major reason why freshwater supply is reducing rapidly. At present, there is a lot of construction work going on in Canada and as a result, urban and residential are consuming a lot of water causing increase in water demand. The more worrying news is that changing climatic trends may cause more pressure on the water resources and worsen the situation. In fact, scientists have estimated that droughts may increase in the future threatening fresh water sources (Stanford 15). Due to increasing threat to the Canadian water resources, much attention has been drawn to different sectors in order to find a long-term solution to the current water crisis. Indeed, there is an urgent need to address the current crisis to ensure that Canada has access to fresh water in the future. To solve the problem, a number of recommendations have been put forward. Foremost, â€Å"to know what to do, you must first know what is happening† (Environment Canada 97). Thus, a plan to acquire observational and accurate data regarding water has been proposed. By acquiring such data, experts will be aware of the water usage patterns, Canadian fresh water sources, and water-related infrastructure (Stanford 67). Knowledge of this basic information will help the government to have an organized freshwater monitoring program and develop appropriate action plan. Secondly, it is important to develop research priorities. Developing a research plan will clarify causes of droughts hence improving the climatic conditions (Environment Canada 16). Moreover, research will also help maintain Canada’s climate modeling capabilities. With extensive research, the impact of climate change on forests, wetlands, and glacier (freshwater ecosystems) will be clarified too. Eventually, this will help in improving water quality by reducing c hemical drainage into water sources among other wastes.Advertising Looking for article on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, there is need to have informed policies and effective management plans (Stanford 121). In addition, there is need to develop policies regarding water usage (water rights) in order to minimize conflicts. More research into this topic will provide a good foundation for developing better and informed policies. As such, the Canadian government should adopt science based management practices to help in decision-making (Stanford 121). Lastly, there is need to have effective leadership and teamwork in order to address Canada’s freshwater crisis. Quality scientific leadership will play vital role in developing better assessment programs. In the government level, there is need to have committed leadership and teamwork to develop better policies that will not frustrate efforts to revive Canada’s fresh water supply (Environment Canada 94). In summary, in order to ensure that Canada has constant supply of freshwater in the future, there is need to develop sustainable action plan. Because of current pressure on Canada’s freshwater sources, there is need to do more research, implement appropriate policies, and have committed leadership so that the nation can continue having social and economical benefits acquired from use of freshwater. Environment Canada. Threats to Sources of Drinking Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Health in Canada. National Water Resource Institute, Burlington, Ontoaria. NWRI Scientific assessment, 1.1 (2001): 72. Print. Environment Canada. Threats to Water Availability in Canada. National Water Resource Institute, Burlington, Ontoaria. NWRI Scientific assessment, 3.1 (2004): 1-150. Print. Stanford, Williams. Water, Weather and the Mountain West. Ottawa: Rock mountain Books, 2007. Print.

Steven King essays

Steven King essays Stephen Edward King was born on September 21, 1947, in Portland, Maine. He was the second son of a middle-aged couple, Donald and Nellie King. In 1949, Steven's father, Donald King disappeared and was never seen or heard from again by his family. Stephen and his elder brother David were brought up very strictly by their mother Ruth, who was forced to rely upon the charity of relatives. The family spent several years in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Stratford, Connecticut before settling down in 1958, in Durham, Maine, where Nellie cared for her aging parents. Stephen King was a very sick as a child, and illness once kept him out of school for an entire year. To entertain himself, he began writing at about the age of seven, first copying stories from children's books and later creating his own fantasy tales. By the age twelve, he was cranking out science fiction stories on an old Underwood typewriter his mother had given him; he even sought, unsuccessfully to have them published. In 1959, in a box of his father's old books stored in an attic, he discovered collections from Weird Tales, a fantasy and horror magazine of the 1940's as well as a volume of stories by the famous horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. Horror tales soon became an obsession, and he eventually came upon those of Richard Matheson, another prominent writer of the genre. King has frequently acknowledged Matheson's great influence on his own writing. As a high school student, King made copies of his stories on an old printing press his brother had acquired and he then sold them at school. Though these first efforts at professionalism were quickly ended by the school principal, King had become certain that he would succeed. To his friends, he seemed a relatively normal teenager, but he already had a vision in his head to become a writer. He graduated from the University of Maine in 1970 with a degree in English; in the fall of 1971. He began teaching at a hi...

Rhetoric & Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rhetoric & Stereotypes - Essay Example The tattooed individuals in this world are one set of groups which is stereotyped as per a single notion. These individuals usually have tattoos signed up on their body which can either be huge or small. But these individuals are stereotyped as per these tattoos. Usually it is thought that these individuals relate to people who are rockers, punks, brats, criminal or a person who has loose morals. The feminists on the other hand are women who consider themselves equal or superior to men. This set of individual argues for the rights of women in this world. These women are stereotyped on the basis of their behavior i.e. their hatred for the opposite sex. Because of this hatred these women are usually labeled as lesbians and chauvinists. Thirdly the politicians are one group of people which can be said to be stereotyped the most. The politicians are one group of people which is thought to be a con group which makes false promises to make up their way to the leading position. Moreover the se politicians are known to be a group which excels in cheating and corruption. And lastly senior citizens are a group of individuals who are old and knowledgeable. This group of people is known to be stubborn and inefficient when it comes to completing tasks. These individuals are considered to be weak and not worthy enough of some work. All these groups mentioned above do not tend to pose the same picture in the society as different stereotypes are developed according to different way of thoughts. The tattooed individuals tend to pose a negative stereotype usually. The feminists can pose both a negative and a positive stereotype. The positive stereotype created by them is related to equality which is long deserved by women. Politicians can also pose a negative and positive stereotype. It is dependent on the individual attributes that the politician possesses to make up the stereotype. And senior citizens can also show both stereotypes. Negative in the sense that these citizens are usually hot headed and don’t tend to listen to others. Whereas positive in the sense in which these citizens can provide knowledge in areas of which they know better than the younger individuals of the society. There are many rhetoric statements which are known for the above mentioned groups. It is usually said that ‘senior citizens are bad at hearing and bad drivers’. However this is always not true for all the individuals. For tattooed individuals these rhetoric statements relate to them being ‘gang bangers and criminals’. And yet again such a statement is not a generalized statement. For politicians it is said that they are ‘cleverly dangerous’. By dangerous here it is meant that these politicians tend to lie from the people. And lastly the feminists are described as ‘unwomanly and guy hatters’. However these two statements are not generalized. The stereotyping which prevails against the above mentioned groups is somewha t justified too but it does not give a right to an individual to consider all the people of the same group to be of the same nature. Studying about the different types of rhetoric and stereotyping I have come to know that I myself stereotype certain people based on the general view. Similarly I believe that I myself am stereotyped at certain instances because of my age. People do not consider

Design Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Design Thinking - Essay Example rtaking an active uptake of the design-thinking concept in order to instill these skills among the students so that by the time they graduate from school, they are already qualified experts and professionals in the field (Cox and Rigby, 2013). Design thinking incorporates a high level of creativity and innovation in an effort to bring solutions to modern day problems, or come up with new products and services that bring about a transformative change to the world. A company that employs design thinking in its products and services ends up gaining a competitive edge over other industry players as it produces products designed to meet the tastes and preferences of its target customers. On the other hand, it also instills into the product an element of surprise thereby taking the market by storm once launched or introduced into the market sphere. A good example of a company that incorporates design thinking in the development of its products and services is the Apple Technologies. Design thinking is the key driver of success behind the massive profitability and success recorded by the apple corporation. Other cases of successful application of design thinking is the reason for the reduction of the rates of malnourishment among the children in Vietnam, which reduced by half after application of the concept in the management of children’s health and nutrition. The process of design thinking incorporates a number of steps and procedures. The first step is immersion, which is the process of gaining a clearer understanding of the aspect at hand that requires intervention. The second step is the ideation stage, which incorporates creation of a credible solution to suit a given situation or to solve a given problem. The third stage of prototyping, a procedure that entails testing the designed solution, product or service to the targeted problem, audience, market, or consumers to see whether it works or not, such as bringing about the solution for the problem. The fourth

On Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Essay Example for Free

On Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Essay It is but human nature to try to understand another person. It normal for people to try to interpret another persons actions or words. Interpreting these types of communication means is however, difficult. Each has its own way to be interpreted. Non verbal communication is when person utilizes not his lips and voice when relaying information to another person. It is refers to actions gestures or movements a person does in order to send a message to another person. Usually, this kind of communication is utilized when meeting a new individual. Because too much speech seem to be inappropriate in first meetings, people tend to gesture via facial expression, arm movements, or even bodily gestures. Thus, people interpret this differently, via cues, unlike when the words are spoken (Brunswick Piscataway, 2009). On the other hand, verbal communication relies on the lips or mouth gestures as well as the voice of the person who spoke the words or uttered the information. To some verbal communication is more reliable as people are given the exact information needed to be received. However, there is a tendency for people to lie. Thus, there are those who listen to verbal utterances while at the same time keeping watch of non-verbal gestures. This points that interpreting verbal communication may be literal or based as well to the actions and facial expression that come along with the words (Brunswick Piscataway, 2009). It may thus be concluded that each kind of communication is interpreted differently. Verbal communication sends literal meanings at times, while non-verbal communication is sometimes vague. There is not exact way to point which tells more accurately, however if combined the message will be conveyed easier and faster. Both are also more trustworthy if done side by side. The gestures support the words and the words support all the actions.. While the quote insists that action speaks louder than words, knowing the nature man, it is still better to rely in both words and actions for a clearer interpretation. References Brunswick Piscataway. (2009). Social Perception: How we come to Understand People. Social Psych Lecture. Rutgers University.

birth order and its efects on personality Essay -- essays research pap

Birth order Have you ever wondered why you and your siblings never get along, or why you are so different? I wondered the same thing until I read an article about birth orders effects on personality. This had to be why she had never spent an hour away from my parents and I haven’t willingly been within thirty feet of them since I was six, Why I love to read well above my grade level and my sister, a sixth grader, reads mainly Captain Underpants books when not glued to the T.V. and why we are a similar as oil and water. Before I start explaining what birth order does I want clarify exactly what it is. When I said birth order I know at least one person, probably more thought of something similar to astrology. In some ways they are similar. They both group personalities and have a basis in science, but that’s where the similarity stops. Birth order does not predict the future. Also, while birth orders facts are almost identical anywhere you look, I have found horoscopes where the methods used are so different that one source can say today’s you lucky day while another source for that same day may say that you will be brutally murdered by a dark stranger. For those of you who are only children you often have to deal with the presumption that you are spoiled and self centered, this is shown to be true in many cases, but remember every birth order group has its share of annoying traits. On the good side only children tend to be very confident, have a good eye for detail, and are v... birth order and its efects on personality Essay -- essays research pap Birth order Have you ever wondered why you and your siblings never get along, or why you are so different? I wondered the same thing until I read an article about birth orders effects on personality. This had to be why she had never spent an hour away from my parents and I haven’t willingly been within thirty feet of them since I was six, Why I love to read well above my grade level and my sister, a sixth grader, reads mainly Captain Underpants books when not glued to the T.V. and why we are a similar as oil and water. Before I start explaining what birth order does I want clarify exactly what it is. When I said birth order I know at least one person, probably more thought of something similar to astrology. In some ways they are similar. They both group personalities and have a basis in science, but that’s where the similarity stops. Birth order does not predict the future. Also, while birth orders facts are almost identical anywhere you look, I have found horoscopes where the methods used are so different that one source can say today’s you lucky day while another source for that same day may say that you will be brutally murdered by a dark stranger. For those of you who are only children you often have to deal with the presumption that you are spoiled and self centered, this is shown to be true in many cases, but remember every birth order group has its share of annoying traits. On the good side only children tend to be very confident, have a good eye for detail, and are v...

Reliving a Memory through a Successful Narration Essay

People weave hundreds of stories throughout the course of their lives. Most of them are experiences that brought fear, embarrassment or changes in their lives. More often than not, these stories are shared with other people in one way or another. Telling a story can be done through several ways. You can re-enact the scenario to tell a story. You can utter words that describe the incident or you simply can put words into writing to form a narration. Before you put your story into writing, there are two things that need to be done: visualizing and planning. Prior to writing your narration, you should visualize the story. You yourself should be able to relive the scene in your mind to help you in coming up with the right words to describe the scenario. Then, you should plan on how you going about your story. Each part of your story is preceded by another. You should be able to prepare on how you would relate the previous scenario to the current one. Once you have visualized and planned for your narration, you are now ready to put your story into writing. Writing a narration involves a series of steps that could help the writer create a vivid picture of his experiences in life. Only when the reader is able to form clear mental images of each scenario can the narration be considered successful. The first step involves choosing the important details. You should only emphasize on important points of your story. Minor details should simply be de-emphasized or removed entirely. If you are telling about the time you won the lottery, then you should not dwell into details about the dinner you had before find out your win. You should only give emphasis on your initial reaction, on the reaction of the people around you, and on how you planned to spend your winnings. The use of a chronological order comprises the next step. Oftentimes, the best stories are told in the order in which they occur. This order helps the reader better understand the story as it unfolds. Centering on conflict is what the third step tells the writer to do in order to weave a successful narrative. These conflicts may either deal with inner dilemmas or with another person. It may also include conflicts with an impersonal outside force. In each story revolving around a conflict, the resolution of the conflict marks the end of the story. Showing the reader what happened is the fourth step. It is usually better to give the readers a visualization of the significant moments in the narration rather than telling the story. You can do so by using a detailed description of the event and each character participating in that even. However, using a dialogue has the strongest effect on the reader that it does not only make the reader see what is happening. It also makes the reader feel the emotions in the story. The next step involves making a point. It is simply important to have a point that would rationalize the existence of your story. You should present your point using a sentence. Telling a story can be done in various forms. However, one of the most common forms involves writing. Putting your story into writing is simple however making it a successful narration entails extra work. In order come up with a vivid picture of your story, there are steps which could be followed to ensure that the reader do not only see but also feel the emotions in the story.

Analysis of Ethical Dilemma Essay

Natural calamities are unpredictable phenomena’s where the damage may be countless and immeasurable examples of natural calamities are earthquakes, floods and famine. In situations like this relief operations are challenging even though many organizations and nations extend their resources to overcome the disaster. We often face issues and concerns in a massive disaster which may lead to ethical-dilemma and criticism. When we analyze disaster situation ethical concerns arises. Here I would like to present the ethical dilemma involved in the rescue operations in Haiti disaster and analysis of the issues. Event and ethical implications One of the biggest and most recent disaster world encountered is the Haiti disaster in January, 12, 2010. It was a massive earthquake with 7.0 magnitudes, wiped out thousands of lives and affected millions of people (Haiti earthquake, 2010). The earthquake ploughed the main city Port-au-prince just into rubbles. Many people were trapped in the collapsed buildings. Many important buildings were damaged including parliament, schools, hospitals and main jail (Haiti earthquake, 2010). It resulted in lack of food, water, shelter and medical services. Many wounded were waiting for immediate medical help and many died without prompt treatment. In natural disasters people from all over the world offer humanitarian aid in the form of donations, medical care team services, food and other necessary supplies. The U.S Government and many other nations extended their hands for rescue operations. The Israel Government sent a military task force consisting of 230 people within 48 hours (NEJM, 2010). Their ultimate goal was to provide lifesaving treatments to the injured to the level it was possible. Other troops and volunteer workers on the scene also tried their best to deliver the best possible care to the causalities. Ethical concerns and ethical dilemma The troop’s mission was to provide help to as many people as possible. But the limited resources fell far short than the demands. This put the medical team in various ethical issues. Haiti is one of the poorest countries of the world with minimal facilities. The disaster left millions of people homeless and in urgent medical needs. The Israeli Field Hospital extended their hospital capacity to 72 from 60 and added one more operating room to accommodate increased causalities (NEJM, 2010). In a normal triage system we are setting priorities among patients depending on their clinical conditions and assuming that we will be able to provide care to all. In Haiti disaster it was impossible for them to provide care to all who needed. Here the health care workers as well as the victims faced ethical dilemma. The medical team was forced to recognize the fact that the clients who need most urgent care may consume the majority of their resources. So they had to set up priorities according to the resources available, the severity of the problem and can they be saved. Another ethical dilemma the medical team had to encounter was those come with severe injuries needed prolong rehabilitation and that may run out all of their supplies. So they planned to accommodate patients who can be stabilized in 24 hours.† The practical implication of this prioritization resulted in people those who have small chance to survive were not likely to be treated in the ICU† (NEJM, 2010). In addition to that discharging the patients were also challenging since no homes left and children without parents, there was no place for them to go. Personal ethical values and position using ethical principles In a massive disaster plan in an ethical aspect I believe the theory of Act- utilitarianism works best to that situation. Act-utilitarianism states, the actions people choose will produce over all good in any given circumstances. This theory also allows different actions in certain circumstances. Their decision on triaging the patients based on the resources and the possible outcome of the intervention in a humanitarian aspect. The ethical principles of beneficence and justice applied in this scenario. According to the principle of beneficence the health care workers were trying their best to provide care to as many as people possible. The ethical principle of distributive justice emphasis on fair and equitable distribution of goods and services (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008), but in certain situations it is impossible for all people to have everything that they might need. In such cases they can formulate and enforce policies for fair and equitable distribution of the available resources. Possible alternatives for resolving the problem I.Ask for more medical supplies from organizations like, World Health Organization, Red Cross et. II.Make arrangements to send patients who need more complex care to the nearest available medical centers or hospitals. III.Call for more volunteers to help there by reducing the cost and request for funds from charitable organizations. IV.Since geographically U. S. is the closest country, request for airlifting the patient to the nearby states hospitals for advanced care. V.Even though insurance can be a hindrance to accept the patients, U. S. Government can offer tax exemptions and grants for the accepting hospitals. VI.Airlift the patients to the accepting countries for advanced care. Examine and categorize the alternatives When we categorize the alternatives from 1-6, the first five options are possible alternatives. The 6th option can be possible, but it will be more expensive, time consuming and unsafe for unstable patients. Since many organizations started their rescue operations, if the military task force can receive more supplies, they will be able to continue with their life saving measures. Possible consequences for the acceptable alternatives When other hospitals can accommodate more patients, it may reduce the burden on a single group. Since they already have disaster plan set up, more supplies from other organizations will help them to continue their task without time delay. With tax exemption and grants, more hospitals may take initiative to involve in the health care delivery and if the patient can be airlifted on time many lives can be saved. Prioritize acceptable alternatives I.Provision of more supplies to the functioning units. II.Make arrangements to transfer patients with complex issues to the nearest hospitals. III.Call for more volunteers for additional help IV.Airlift patients to the nearby countries at the earliest possible V.Request for more funds, grants, donations from the federal governments and common wealth countries. Plan of actions The plan of care is to provide care to as many people as possible with added resources. Transferring of patients to the nearest available hospital for complex care and management. Through financial aid rebuild the health care infrastructure to provide continued care to the Haiti people. Evaluation Natural disasters are unpredictable and every effort needs to be taken to overcome such situation through voluntary support. In this situation the ethics committee from a group of physician had to prioritize the cases according to the availability of resources and the chances of survival. In a humanitarian aspect it is necessary to provide fair and equitable distribution of health care as much as possible for a healthy recovery. We often see the best of humanity in moments of extreme calamity. In every disaster situations people who directly involved often faces some sort of ethical issues and dilemma. The best possible way to overcome such situations through mutual effort, ethical decision making and appropriate action plans. Fair and equitable distribution of health care is the best approach to every mankind.

Susan Glaspells essays

Susan Glaspells essays Although Susan Galspells play, Trifles, and her short story, A Jury of Her Peers, are both applications with resembling dialogues, each contains indicative dissimilarities of additions and alterations that can be taken into consideration. Together, these materials of drama and fiction investigate a murder focused on the final discovery of motive and incentives. Yet, despite the significance of their parallel schemes, their minor disparities are respectably interesting to examine. With a close observation, the two pieces of literature are comparative in respects to certain specifications in the short story, particular distinctions in the play, and pinpointable variations between the both. In Jury of Her Peers, Glaspell gives specific contributions that differentiate from her theatrical piece, Trifles. The primal difference is the added introduction set in Mrs. Hales kitchen, along with the description of her subconscious. With this, she obsesses over having to leave her kitchen untidy, consequential to her sudden departure, and recollects how it frustrates her to abandon tasks uncompleted. Another notable factor is the inclusion of the exact mentioning of March as being the month in which the setting corresponds. Also, the short story elaborates on the physical characteristics of Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters, states that they were merely acquaintances prior to the occasion, and explains why they accompany their husbands in the investigation. While Trifles does not mention Mrs. Hales first name or what relationship Harry has in the storyline, Jury of Her Peers designates these lacking details to be Mrs. Martha Hale and Harry as her son. In a continuance of details, the short story includes specifications of how long the Wrights have been married, twenty years, and who was the sheriff preceding Henry Peters, Sheriff Gorman. All of these portions play specific additional roles in t...

Distinctive Features of the Grammar of Irish English

Distinctive Features of the Grammar of Irish English If you celebrate St. Patricks Day with plastic pitchers of green beer and rousing choruses of Danny Boy (composed by an English lawyer) and The Unicorn (by Shel Silverstein), you may be roaring just about anywhere in the world on March 17except in Ireland. And if your friends insist on hollering top o the mornin and begosh and begorrah, you can be pretty sure theyre not Irish. The English language as spoken in Ireland (a variety known as Hiberno-English or Irish English) has many distinctive featuresnone of which should be confused with your friends Celtic clichà ©s or the Hollywood brogues of Tom Cruise (in Far and Away) and Brad Pitt (in The Devils Own). As examined by Markku Filppula in The Grammar of Irish English: Language in Hibernian Style (Routledge, 1999), Irish-English grammar represents a unique combination of elements drawn from the two principal partners in the contact situation, Irish and English. This grammar is characterized as conservative because it has held on to certain traits of the Elizabethan English that helped shape it four centuries ago. Here are just a few of the characteristics of Irish-English grammar: Like Scottish English, Irish English has unmarked plurality in nouns indicating time and measuretwo mile, for instance, and five year.Irish English makes an explicit distinction between singular you/ye and plural youse (also found in other varieties): So I said to our Jill and Mary: Youse wash the dishes.Another characteristic of Irish English is nominalization, giving a word or phrase a noun-like status that it doesnt generally have, as in If I had the doing of it again, Id do it different.A direct borrowing from the traditional Irish language (also known as Irish Gaelic or Gaeilge) is the use of after in noun phrases such as Im only after my dinner.Like Scottish English, Irish English often uses progressive forms of stative verbs (I was knowing your face).Another salient feature is the use of sentence tags initiated by so, as in Its raining, so it is. (adapted from World Englishes: An Introduction, by Gunnel Melchers and Philip Shaw. Oxford University Press, 2003)   Thats just a small sample of the many distinctive features of Irish-English grammar. Discussion of its rich vocabulary (or lexicon) and patterns of pronunciation (phonology) will have to wait until next years St. Patricks Day. Until then, if youre interested in learning about Gaeilge (the historical language of the Irish people, now spoken by only a small minority of the population), visit Michelle Gallens website, Talk Irish. This award-winning site provides a social network for teachers, speakers and learners of traditional Irish. Sln go fà ³ill. Goodbye for now. More Varieties of English: Australian EnglishCanadian EnglishChicano EnglishChinese EnglishDublin EnglishEuro-EnglishHinglishIndian EnglishPhilippine EnglishScottish EnglishSingapore EnglishSouth African English

Analyzing an accountant system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analyzing an accountant system - Essay Example The owner still has a debt obligation towards his relative ($100,000) which when accounted for is severely impacting the revenues generated by the company, thereby resulting in severe losses. The expenses for the purpose of conducting the business are of random nature which does not explain the exact purpose of incurring such expenses. As an example, it can be cited that the owner of MTS spends 40% of its allocated advertisement budget on business lunches involving local theatre producers and directors and the rest 60% is spent on advertising in local newspapers, theatre programs, sponsoring local children`s theatre and delivering flyers to the community. No clear rationale can be identified from this distribution strategy. As is evident from the income statement, the expenses incurred from advertising and promotion contributes significantly towards reducing the revenues generated by the company. For a startup company which is highly leveraged, efforts are needed to be put in order t o reduce the obligations. The company needs to restrict its expenses behind advertising and promotion. ... This is particularly because these are the expenses that are most directly involved in creating revenues. As is evident from the income statement, MTS has incurred huge amount of cost of goods sold as well as administrative expenses with respect to the revenues that the company has generated. The company needs to formulate a more effective strategy in order to bring down the aforementioned expenses. One particular area that is needed to be highlighted in the income statement is the expenses incurred as a result of payment made to the employees. According to the case study, MTS is supposed to book $25,000 as expenses due to payments made to employees. However, the income statement reflects a completely different figure which is significantly higher than the actual figure that is required to be reported. This sheds light on an important concern. The concern arises due to a weaker internal control within the company. The serious error committed while drafting the income statement questi ons the credibility of the accounting official responsible for preparing the income statement. The amount recorded as payment to employees in the year is $90,999 whereas the actual amount that had to be reported was $25,000. Had it been the case, then it would have significantly improved the figure that has been reported in the bottom line. This highlights a massive loophole in the internal control mechanism of the organization. There is no perfect approach towards employing officials who are experienced in the field of accounting. This is evident from the fact that the accounting part is handled by a person who does not have an accounting background and

LABELLING THEORY HAS NO IMPACT ON REAL WORLD DECISION MAKING PRACTISES Essay

LABELLING THEORY HAS NO IMPACT ON REAL WORLD DECISION MAKING PRACTISES - Essay Example Although labelling theory may have influences in different settings, it does not necessarily entail that all decisions be based upon it, as will be discussed in this paper. The theory Labelling theory presents that â€Å"deviance is a socially constructed process in which social control agencies designate certain people as deviants, and they, in turn, come to accept the label placed upon them and begin to act accordingly† (Kendall, 2007, pp. 188-189). There are several versions of the theory, of which the ideas of Howard Becker, seen to be a major proponent of the theory, will primarily be considered in the present paper. One famous statement by Becker upheld in this theory is, deviant as â€Å"one to whom the label has successfully been applied; deviant behavior is behavior that people so label† (as cited in Kendall, 2003, p. 189). Making labels Becker’s work in 1963, Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, is one of the most cited literature that focus es on labelling theory and deviance. According to him, only a few individuals have the power and qualifications to determine what is deviant or not, and they generally belong to the upper social classes (Franzese, 2009, p. 72). These individuals are called â€Å"moral entrepreneurs,† and are presented by Becker to be those who want to help the less fortunate, rather than being mean or evil (p. 72). The supposed intent of labelling was to take societal interests into consideration. However, because labeled individuals are inferior to those who have the capacity to label them in terms of power and status, the positive goal of labeling backfires to become what is usually seen to be negative and deviant to established norms. It is not emphasized how individuals can resist being labeled, but labeled individuals may be rehabilitated in the presence of interventions differing according to the deviant behavior. Consequences of labelling The labelling theory hypothesizes that deviance is not inherent, but rather a product of reaction to established societal norms, or results of societal perceptions. It presents a process where initially there is a pubic labelling which is informal at first but evolves to be formalized later; second, this label â€Å"overrides all the other symbols and statuses a person previously held,† and cause people to react very differently by rejecting or isolating the individual; and third, such label affects the individual’s self-perception and self-image, encouraging many to live according to that deviant label, or in other words accept that he or she is deviant and live according to it (Slattery, 2003, p. 135). This process outlines the consequences of labelling to the labeled individual, which are, most of the time, negative rather than positive. It is further contended that deviant behavior can be â€Å"cured† or rehabilitated, but doing so would not be easy, especially in the continuous presence of societal pres sure and rejection. Labelling in the real world In the context of the theory, labelling may be formal or informal, which is also a common criticism of the ideology. Informal labels are those that tend to be placed by family, friends, colleagues, acquaintances, et cetera. Formal labels are those given by health care, the police, the academe, and other institutions. Literature dealing with the theory often cite â€Å"mentally ill† as a common established label, as well as in aspects in criminology,